Strict policy control and real estate market downturn affects large-scale real estate enterprises performance. We surveyed large Chinese real estate enterprises and the internal factors that affect their competitiveness. Verified by the hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling approach, the results mainly show that profitability, capital ability, management and operation ability, human resource ability, brand name, and innovation ability play positive roles in the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. Management and operation ability plays an intermediary role between human resources and the improvement of competitiveness. Real estate enterprises’ capital sources play an intermediary role between brand names and the improvement of competitiveness. Moreover, landbank area and quality and sales are three major factors that impact the competitiveness improvement of real estate enterprises, while the ability for marketing innovation and the payment collection of enterprises has a relatively small impact. All in all, this paper provides practical implications concerning factors that affect the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. The findings are helpful to improve the sustainable development of real estate enterprises in the future. As research on factors that affect large-scale real estate enterprises is scarce, this study aims to fill this gap.

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Most of the higher vocational colleges in China are public institutions. The government prefers to enhance the intrinsic motivation of teachers’ professional development through effective management. Taking the Chinese government’s strong advocacy of the professional value of the “craftsman spirit” as a background, this study aims to define the constituent factors of intrinsic motivation for the career development of higher vocational college teachers. This study proposes to explore the role of inclusive management styles on the professional development of teachers in public vocational institutions in order to address the hindering effects of human-organizational relationships on the intrinsic motivation of teachers’ professional development following Chinese management styles. Within three weeks, through the online questionnaire distribution platform, email, and WeChat, questionnaires were sent to teachers in colleges in Guangdong Province using the whole sampling method. A total of 546 questionnaires were distributed, of which 538 were retrieved and 521 were deemed valid for analysis. Using a structural equation model for data validation, the results indicate that inclusive leadership and inclusive climate are positive external factors that stimulate teachers’ intrinsic motivation for professional development (r = 0.496, 0.491) and contribute to the formation of organizational inclusion (r = 0.413). Job satisfaction is an intrinsic self-motivating factor (r = 0.479, 0.380, 0.451). Organizational inclusion can mitigate interpersonal barriers and become a practical management approach to enhance teachers’ intrinsic motivation for career development. AcknowledgmentWe acknowledge teachers from higher education vocational colleges in Guangdong Province, China, who responded to the questionnaire for this study.

The purpose of this study is to discover an approach where the outputs of the farms are maximum at the minimal input. Malaysia is well known for its crop (such as rubber, rice, palm oil, tea). Prior studies show that due to the climate change, there are likely chances that the farms of Malaysia will go extinct. In this study, the main focus is to efficiently use the energy resources to save it for the future in a prolonged manner. The data was collected from the website of Department of Statistics Malaysia, Official Portal. The data was taken for rubber and crops category. In order to run the analysis, the non-parametric approach was used, which is also knows as data envelopment analysis. It is used to explore the efficient use of energy resources. The findings suggest that rubber farms are the most technical efficient as compared to other farms. Further, the results show that there are many factors that counts and sums up the efficiency of the farm. Whilst studying the technical efficiency, this study finds that the soil and climate conditions contributes to the efficiency and productivity of the farms.