The adaptation of vocabulary between communication partners, i.e. the lexical entrainment phenomenon, is well documented. This study investigates whether the phenomenon can also be found in computer-mediated communication between experts and laypersons. The respondents, who are medical experts (n ¼ 46), answered to fictitious patients' queries on health problems. Language technicality within patients' queries was manipulated. One version contained certain concepts in everyday language, the other in technical language. Do experts adapt the vocabulary in their replies to that in the inquiry? Detailed analyses provide evidence that experts not only use the inquiry vocabulary, but also adapt the content of their answers to the technicality of the inquiry. Surprisingly, though queries differ in the use of vocabulary experts attributed very similar prior knowledge to the fictitious patient while providing them with very different replies. The results are discussed with respect to the implications for health counselling and for theoretical assumptions about adaptation in net-based discourse.

Hindsight bias has traditionally been regarded in light of general laws of information processing and memory. The current review presents a complementary view of hindsight bias, summarizing research on individual differences in the magnitude of the bias. According to an individual difference perspective, the magnitude of the bias is influenced by individual traits, needs, and motives, and not exclusively the result of rational, if sometimes faulty, information processing. Our review emphasizes those traits that, on theoretical grounds, have been argued to moderate the magnitude of hindsight bias. Empirical evidence regarding their possible influence is discussed and evaluated. The variables that seem to be most strongly associated with the magnitude of hindsight bias are field dependence, intelligence, and self-presentational concerns. The negligence of design considerations, a sometimes low reliability of hindsight measures, and insufficient statistical power are discussed as major methodological problems. Recommendations for future research are given.Hindsight bias-the tendency to overestimate the predictability of event outcomes-is one of the most pervasive errors in everyday judgment. It has 64

Single‐case experimental designs (SCEDs) are rarely used in behavioral neuroscience despite their potential benefits. The current study used a SCED to evaluate the effects of dietary protein restriction in C57BL/6J and Fgf21‐knockout (KO) mice on body weight, food consumption, and protein preference and changes in those outcome measures were quantified using multilevel linear models. In C57BL/6J mice, rate of weight gain was lower and food consumption and protein preference higher during periods of low (4% kcal) protein diet feeding compared to periods of normal (18% kcal) protein diet feeding. In Fgf21‐KO mice, who do not produce the liver‐derived hormone FGF21, rate of weight gain and protein preference were not substantially affected by diet although food consumption was slightly higher during periods of low protein diet than periods of normal protein diet. These results demonstrate that protein restriction dynamically regulates physiological and behavioral responses at the individual mouse level and that FGF21 is necessary for those responses. Further, the current results demonstrate how a SCED can be used in behavioral neuroscience research, which entails both scientific and practical benefits.

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