Obesity may modulate systemic and periodontal levels of adipokines in favour of pro-inflammation, independently of periodontal therapy. SRP did not affect the circulating levels of adipokines in patients with or without obesity.

Periodontitis mainly influenced the circulating levels of resistin and adiponectin, whereas both obesity and periodontitis affected the circulating levels of leptin in favor of proinflammation. In addition, obesity upregulated the local levels of TNF-α.

Patients with obesity and CP presented lower reductions in PD than patients without obesity with CP at 6 months after SRP. Furthermore, the treatment did not affect the circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin in any group.

RANKL/OPG ratios in untreated and treated periodontitis sites may be negatively influenced by poor glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Obesity is associated with increased levels and proportions of periodontal pathogens, especially in patients with CP.