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The aim of this paper is to propose a comprehensive research framework seeking to decipher the evolutionary development of emerging business ecosystems and to identify the necessary strategic capabilities which enable the transformation of business ecosystems from one stage to the next along its life-cycle. Initial findings from exploratory case studies of the EV industry in Chinese Shandong Province show that the EV Business ecosystem emerged from a network of connected entrepreneurs to its current nascent structure. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, literatures of evolutionary economics, business ecosystem and capabilities have been reviewed. On the basis of the research gaps, a conceptual research framework is proposed that potential contributions of subsequent findings include theoretically enriching business ecosystem theories and benefiting industrial players practically through the formulation of the capability maturity model.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a research design that seeks to explore the evolutionary pathways of the emerging electric vehicle (EV) industry through employing the business ecosystem framework, which focuses on the interaction between firms, government officials, industrial associations and customers; and at the same time to identify the necessary strategic capabilities behind such emergence.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research methodology will be employed such that multiple case studies will be carried out through the implementation of interviews with companies, industrial players and policy makers.FindingsThe research findings of this paper include a comprehensive depiction of the emerging business ecosystem structure of the EV industry, which contributed in building the main elements of the proposed conceptual research framework.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings of this paper are based on one province in China; also the business ecosystem of the emerging EV industry may differ in different regions across the country.Practical implicationsPractically, this research would be able to provide a tool for industrial players and policy makers through the formulation of a capability maturity model, which allows the evaluation of the capabilities of the corresponding ecosystem players, so as to permit the assessment of their positions with the provision of guidelines benefiting the advancement of emerging industries.Originality/valueThis paper offers original theoretical contributions through developing strategic capabilities of emerging business ecosystems and is the first to provide a comprehensive structure on the low‐speed EV industry in China.