Soft tissue sarcomas are pleiotropic tumors of mesenchymal cell origin. These tumors are rare in humans but common in veterinary practice, where they comprise up to 15% of canine skin and subcutaneous cancers. Because they present similar morphologies, primary sites, and growth characteristics, they are treated similarly, generally by surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Previous studies have examined a variety of genetic changes as potential drivers of tumorigenesis and progression in soft tissue sarcomas as well as their use as markers for soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. However, few studies employing next generation sequencing approaches have been published. Here, we have examined gene expression patterns in canine soft tissue sarcomas using RNA-seq analysis of samples obtained from archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumors. We provide a computational framework for using resulting data to categorize tumors, perform cross species comparisons and identify genetic changes associated with tumorigenesis. Functional overrepresentation analysis of differentially expressed genes further implicate both common and tumor-type specific transcription factors as potential mediators of tumorigenesis and aggression. Implications for tumor-type specific therapies are discussed. Our results illustrate the potential utility of this approach for the discovery of new therapeutic approaches to the management of canine soft tissue sarcomas and support the view that both common and tumor-type specific mechanisms drive the development of these tumors.

Background: Inflammation is a protective physiological response to tissue injury that can be caused by harmful stimuli. If the inflammatory process is prolonged and cannot restore to homeostatic conditions, this may lead to pathological effects that can damage cells and cause various diseases. Elephantopus scaber is a plant that can easily be found in Indonesia. Elephantopus scaber is a type of plant that is often used as a traditional medicines. Several studies have shown that the compound bioactive content contained in plants has enormous potential as alternative medicine.Objective: This present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Elephantopus scabe leaves. Methods: The Elephantopus scaber leaves were extracted using ethanol solvent into different concentration (50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL and 120 mg/ mL). Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard. Anti-inflammatory assays were performed by the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and heat-induced hemolysis method. Phytochemical screening that used in the present study was a conventional method. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and saponins. In the present study, ethanolic extract of Elephantopus scaber leaves has anti inflammatory activity by protecting the stability of red blood cell membrane. The highest protection capability possessed by the ethanolic extract of Elephantopus scaber leaves in both human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and heatinduced hemolysis method was at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Elephantophus scaber has antiinflammatory activities by in vitro assays.Latar Belakang: Inflamasi merupakan respon protektif fisiologi terhadap cedera pada jaringan yang dapat disebabkan oleh stimulus berbahaya. Jika proses inflamasi berlangsung lama dan tidak dapat mengembalikan ke kondisi homeostasis, dapat menyebabkan efek patologis yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel dan menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Elephantopus scaber merupakan tumbuhan yang dapat dengan mudah dijumpai di Indonesia. Elephantopus scaber merupakan tumbuhan yang sering digunakan sebagai obat-obat tradisional. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dijadikan sebagai alternatif obat-obatan. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari aktifitas anti-inflamasi ekstrak etanol daun Elephantopus scaber. Metode: Daun Elephantopus scaber diekstraksi dengan menggunakan etanol dan dibuat menjadi

BACKGROUND: The access to safe drinkingwater is increasingly difficult, especially in water catchment or coastal areas. Due to the difficulty, people in coastal areas tend to consume ready-to-use refilled drinking-water. However, the sanitation facilities on most drinking-water refill depots do not meet the requirements, hence really prone to microbial contamination. We conducted this study to determine the types of bacteria causing the contamination of refilled drinking-water from refill depots in Abeli, a coastal area in Kendari.METHODS: Samples were collected from all 6 drinkingwater refill depots in Abeli. Three-series fermentation tubes were used for the microbiological test, including the presumptive, confirmative and completed tests. The biochemical test was performed with indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate utilization test (IMViC) methods and the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test.RESULTS: Among 6 refilled drinking-water samples, we found the growth of coliform bacterial colonies in 3 samples, exhibiting various characteristics. Based on the characteristics, both microbiological and biochemical, the identified bacteria were Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca.CONCLUSION: Bacteria that contaminated refilled drinking-water in Abeli were Proteus sp., E. coli and K. oxytoca. Continuous supervision is required to ensure the quality of water from drinking-water refill depots.KEYWORDS: bacteria, Proteus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, coastal areas, refilled drinking water

The microstructure and properties of thin films depend strongly upon the alloy composition. A study was made of the metallurgical aspects of homogeneous Al alloy films, particularly the binary Al-Ti and the ternary Al-Ti-Si systems. The films were deposited by either multiple source e−-beam evaporation or magnetron sputtering from alloy targets. Electrical resistivity, ultramicrohardness, grain size morphology, second phase formation, and electromigration have been studied as a function of the alloy composition and its heat treatment. The relationship between the microstructure and these properties will be discussed.

Homogeneous f iLms of titanium-doped aluminum and aluminum-l%siLicon were evaluated for possible application as interconnects in integrated circuits.Titanium concentration was systemnatically varied in the range of 0 to 1.2 wt.%. Electromigration behavior was studied for each film composition as a function of temperature. Significant differences were found between the binary and ternary alloys, corresponding to differences in the film microstructure.