Results suggested that TPA in the range studied (mostly<35 degrees) was not a useful predictor of contralateral CCL rupture among dogs with unilateral CCL rupture, although age may be a risk factor for development of bilateral CCL rupture. The incidence of bilateral CCL rupture may be higher than previously reported.

Modifications of a trans-oral transsphenoidal technique for surgical removal of pituitary tumors provides a safe and effective strategy for long-term remission of PDH with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

The effect of an additive preservative solution on canine red blood cell posttransfusion viability (PTV) and on selected canine red blood cell biochemical parameters was studied. One unit (450 mL) of blood was collected from 6 clinically normal dogs into the anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose, centrifuged, and the plasma removed. The red blood cells were then suspended in 100 mL of a saline, adenine, dextrose, and mannitol solution and stored at 4'C. Aliquots were removed for study at 1 , 1 0,20,30,37, and 44 days. The 24-hour PTV of autologous red blood cells was determined using a sodium chromate (61Cr) label. Red blood cell concentrations of 2.3-diphosphoglycerate (2.3-DPG), adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP), and pH were also determined. Canine red blood cell PTV, pH, ATP, and 2.3-DPG he introduction of blood component therapy to human T and veterinary medicine has resulted in the use of packed red blood cells (pRBC) rather than whole blood for red blood cell (RBC) replacement. For most normovolemic anemias, pRBC are indicated. They are generally prepared in closed plastic bag systems containing an anticoagulant preservative and are stored at 4°C. The maximum allowable storage time or "shelf life" of the collected red blood cells is primarily determined by posttransfusion viability (PTV) studies. The current minimum Food and Drug Administration recovery/PTV standard for stored human RBCs is 75%, ie, at least 75% of the transfused cells should remain in the recipient circulation 24 hours after transfusion.' Storage times vary with the anticoagulant preservative used (eg, the permissible storage time for human RBCs stored in citratephosphate-dextrose-adenine [CPDA-11 is 35 days). CPDA-1 has also been previously evaluated in dogs as a storage medium, with results of one study suggesting a storage time of 20 days for canine pRBC preserved in CPDA-1 .' This short storage time places limitations on the amount of canine blood that can be effectively stored and is a particular disadvantage in small veterinary hospitals where access to blood donors may be limited.Extensive work has been done with human blood to develop storage media which effectively extend the storage time of RBCS.~-~ When RBCs are stored at 1 -6"C, cellular changes occur that may ultimately affect cell viability and function. These changes are known collectively as the "storage lesion" of blood. Physical changes include shape alterations and vesicle formation. ''-'* Several biochemical changes also occur. Plasma glucose decreases as it continues to be metabolized during storage; the accumulation of lactic and pyruvic acids from glycolysis results in a decrease in the pH of the stored cells; the rate of glycolysis slows, reducing both the red cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration^.'^ Red cells with very low ATP levels cannot survive in the circulation because they have no way to phosphorylate glucose, their natural energy source. 2,3-DPG stabilizes hemoglobin in a low oxygen affinity conformation, shi...

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To date, these measures have been implemented within a UK-wide longitudinal cohort study (at diagnosis, 18 months, 3 years, 5 years, and 8 years) and adopted into the national routine clinical audit protocol for cleft lip/palate at age 5. Further data collection points will follow as the cohorts age. Over time, consistency in data collection will allow researchers to address some of the key unanswered questions in relation to psychological adjustment to cleft lip/palate.