No abstract

The cellulose extracts from plants are need of energy and have potential in damaging the environment so that an alternative cellulose source with more efficient results is by using bacteria to produce the cellulose fibers. This study aims to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) treatment on the structure and transparency of biopolymer bacterial cellulose film (BCF). The method used is the making of BCF by utilizing pineapple peel extract and then cooking at 80°C for 120 min. with H 2 O 2 concentration of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7,5%. Drying is done in the electric oven and then observed the structure and morphology using X-ray diffraction and transparency test, respectively. The result of structure observation shows that the intensity of the highest diffraction peak lies at a diffraction angle of 22° achieved at 5% peroxide treatment with crystallinity and crystal index of 85.1% and 82.4%, respectively. Transparency testing shows that the higher the concentration of peroxide used, the better the transparency.

Chemical treatment like ionic liquid is known as a green solvent had developed to improve the compatibility of bacterial cellulose in many composite applications. This study aimed to know the influence of treatment using the ionic liquid on the morphology and structure of bacterial cellulose film (BCF). The methods used a BCF made of pineapples peels waste. Pellicle, as fermentation product as long as 14 days, washed by distilled water then immersed to an ionic liquid solution such as 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) for 2 h with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%. Treated BC pellicle was dried in an oven for 6 h for obtaining bacterial cellulose film (BCF) then observed by XRD and SEM. The result showed that the treatment using BmimCl change the surface morphology and structure of of BCF. BmimCl solution with a concentration of 5.0% and 7.5% show cause some holes in the surface of bacterial cellulose film. BmimCl solution treatment changed the structure of BCF, indicated by the increasing the peak intensity of diffractogram at a diffraction angle of 14.4° and 22.7°. Crystalline content after treatment by BmimCl with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% were 73.85%, 73.50%, 71.33%, and 72.81%, respectively.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer which have superior properties, like high porosity, high purity, and high permeability. The study objective is to determine the influence of chemical pretreatment on tensile strength and the porosity of BC. The method was to make BC films from pineapple peel extract through fermentation process for 14 days. The pretreatment was conducted by immersion of BC in BmimCl, H2O2, and NaOH solution with a concentration of 2.5%; 5%; and 7.5 %, heated at 80 °C then dried in the oven, and the samples were then tested by a tensile test using ASTM-D636-V standard, morphology analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope, and porosity analysis. The results indicate that the tensile strength of control sample was 123 MPa, whereas after chemical pretreatment, the tensile strength was decreased with the greater reduction occurred using NaOH pretreatment compared than the other solutions that having a lower tensile strength of 8.54 MPa at 7.5 % of NaOH. The results of porosity show that the value increased after being treated chemically. The BC film porosity was 87.13% after NaOH treatment of 7.5% while BC film untreated had porosity of 19.15%. This phenomenon was occurred due to the increasing pore, so the absorption of water increased.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has applied as a versatile biomaterial in a wide variety of applications, such as biomedical devices, acoustics, electronics, and paper products. The controlling of the procedure could significantly improve the chemical and structure properties of the BC foams. This study aims to compare the features of BC foam that synthesized from BC disintegrated by a high-speed blender (HSB) and high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). The methods are the synthesis of BC using pineapple skin extract, disintegration process using both HSB and HPH following by freeze-drying process and characterization using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and FTIR. The results show that freeze-drying to the pellicle did not produce a foam structure of BC. SEM morphology indicates that the disintegration process using HPH produces a better porous BC foam compared than HBS process. XRD analysis shows three peaks associated with the structure of BC, which are at 14.47°, 16.85°, and 22.69°. The crystalline structure of BC foam produced from HPH process has higher than BC foam produced from HBS process. FTIR analysis shows that there is a new peak find out in BC foam after the disintegration process.