IntroductionShisha consumption is a growing public health issue all over the globe and public health awareness about its deleterious health consequences is still not sufficiently raised.MethodsIn this location-based study of nightclubs in Ibadan, Nigeria, 633 patrons of selected nightclubs were interviewed in order to obtain information on prevalence, correlates and predictors of shisha smoking.ResultsThe overall prevalence of shisha smoking was 7.1%. The age of initiation into shisha smoking was lower among women, p = 0.03, but men were significantly more likely to be more frequent users, daily or weekly users, p < 0.001 and also to be current cigarette smokers, p = 0.03. There was no significant gender variability in the stage of readiness to quit. Regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, the predictors of shisha smoking were: cigarette smoking, OR = 4.83, 95% CI (1.49-15.70) and more than 12 years of education, OR = 7.55, 95% CI (1.88 - 30.37), while being a rural dweller was a protective factor, OR = 0.05, 95% CI (0.01-0.20).ConclusionShisha smoking has emerged as a prevalent public health issue in Nigeria. There is a need for an immediate response from policy providers towards shisha smoking intervention in Nigeria.

Background Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is associated with a wide range of psychiatric morbidity.Methods In this descriptive study, 130 patients with different types of cancer were interviewed. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, medical comorbidity, stage of cancer, duration of treatment was obtained. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12, and psychosocial distress with the Distress Thermometer (DT). The MINI was used to establish the presence or absence of any psychiatric diagnosis, including any substance use disorder. Information on receipt of formal psychiatric treatment was also obtained. Associated factors and predictors of “Any Mental Disorder” (AMD) were determined. Analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.0 Results Prevalence of psychological distress (GHQ score > 2) was 63.8%, psychosocial distress (DT score > 3) (60.8%), adjustment disorder (20.0%), anxiety y disorder (18.5%), major depression (15.4%), delirium (6.9%), psychosis (2.3%), mania (0.8%), 12-month alcohol use disorder (3.8%), 12-month tobacco use disorder (0.8%), 12-month opioid use disorder (26.9%) and 12 month cannabis use disorder (0.8)%. In all, 66.9% had AMD. The most common medical comorbidity was hypertension (36.2%) and diabetes (23.1%). Predictors of AMD were: Predictors of AMD were: duration of cancer treatment above 6 months OR = 2.66, 95% CI (1.17-6.05), DT score > 3 OR = 2.78, 95% CI (1.24-6.21) and the presence of any medical comorbidity OR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.02-5.14).Conclusion Cancer is associated with significant psychiatric morbidity, necessitating a collaborative Consultation Liaison Psychiatric service in cancer care.

Background There is a lack of data on smoking in outdoor-open bars in Nigeria that may translate into effective legislation on public smoking. Method This study determined the prevalence, demographic and clinical correlates as well as predictors of smoking among a community sample of 1119 patrons of open place bars in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on current smoking was obtained using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), while smoking intensity was calculated using the Pack-Year. Prevalence of alcohol use was determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), while depression was diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI). Analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20.0 software using Chi square statistics, t test and ANOVA, and was set at 95% confidence interval. Results Prevalence of current smoking was 63.8% and the mean pack years of smoking of all respondents was 19.38 ± 17.16 years. Predictors of outdoor smoking were depression OR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.09–1.83) and alcohol use OR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.44–3.13). Predictors of high pack years were depression OR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.08–2.01), being married, OR = 1.78, 95% CI (1.29–2.45), high income, OR = 1.95, 95% CI (1.42–2.68) and alcohol use OR = 2.82, 95% CI (1.51–5.27). There was no significant relationship between stage of readiness to quit smoking and mean pack years of smoking, F = 0.3, p = 0.5. Conclusion The high prevalence of outdoor smoking in the sample calls for urgent public health initiatives for intervention. Thus, outdoor bars are potential tobacco use intervention sites to minimize the health consequences of smoking.

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