Abstract:IntroductionShisha consumption is a growing public health issue all over the globe and public health awareness about its deleterious health consequences is still not sufficiently raised.MethodsIn this location-based study of nightclubs in Ibadan, Nigeria, 633 patrons of selected nightclubs were interviewed in order to obtain information on prevalence, correlates and predictors of shisha smoking.ResultsThe overall prevalence of shisha smoking was 7.1%. The age of initiation into shisha smoking was lower among w… Show more
“…Consistent with findings of the present study, a recent study conducted by Lasebikan et al [3] in an urban city in Nigeria reported higher prevalence of smoking among night clubbers than non-clubbers [3]. Induction of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis are the postulated patho-physiological mechanisms of smoking-induced CVD.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Though later banned, clubbing was later revived in 1933 after which night clubbing spread throughout the world including Asia, Europe, Africa as well as Australia [2]. In Nigeria , there is a rapid proliferation of club's houses/discotheques and drinking points/bars which offer entertainment for not only adolescents and young adults, but also across other age groups and gender [3,4] and those of legal drinking and smoking age of 18+ [5].…”
Background/Aim: There is a global increase in life-style related risk factors for CVD. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of these factors in the general population at different social settings/gathering such as night clubs, drinking points/bars and discotheques where different lifestyle habits are freely displayed. Identifying such factors can lead to innovative strategies for improving cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of lifestyle, clinical and biochemical risk factors for CVD among night clubbers in Southern Nigeria.Methods: Anthropometrics, questionnaires, clinical and blood samples were collected from 255 participants who were classified as night clubbers (n=130) and non-night clubbers (n=125) and analyzed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), socio-demographics, life style related behaviors, blood pressure indices, lipid profile and markers of insulin resistance using standard methods. Results: Compared to non-clubbers, night clubbers had significant higher prevalence of CVD risk factors including habitual alcohol consumption (P<0.001), physical inactivity (P=0.026), poor dietary habits (P<0.001), short sleep duration (P<0.001), abnormal lipid sub fractions (high serum TG, T-chol and LDL levels) (P<0.001), raised blood pressure indices (SBP, DBP, MAP) (P<0.0001), raised serum uric acid level (P<0.0001) and a marker of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P=0.060). Conclusion: CVD risk factors are more prevalent among night clubbers than non-clubbers. Night club, discotheque, tavern, drinking point and bar patrons should be included among target populations in development of interventions necessary to reduce the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in the general population, because current risk factors become future diseases and public health burden. Knowledge of risk factors can be used to shift their population distribution.
“…Consistent with findings of the present study, a recent study conducted by Lasebikan et al [3] in an urban city in Nigeria reported higher prevalence of smoking among night clubbers than non-clubbers [3]. Induction of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis are the postulated patho-physiological mechanisms of smoking-induced CVD.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Though later banned, clubbing was later revived in 1933 after which night clubbing spread throughout the world including Asia, Europe, Africa as well as Australia [2]. In Nigeria , there is a rapid proliferation of club's houses/discotheques and drinking points/bars which offer entertainment for not only adolescents and young adults, but also across other age groups and gender [3,4] and those of legal drinking and smoking age of 18+ [5].…”
Background/Aim: There is a global increase in life-style related risk factors for CVD. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of these factors in the general population at different social settings/gathering such as night clubs, drinking points/bars and discotheques where different lifestyle habits are freely displayed. Identifying such factors can lead to innovative strategies for improving cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of lifestyle, clinical and biochemical risk factors for CVD among night clubbers in Southern Nigeria.Methods: Anthropometrics, questionnaires, clinical and blood samples were collected from 255 participants who were classified as night clubbers (n=130) and non-night clubbers (n=125) and analyzed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), socio-demographics, life style related behaviors, blood pressure indices, lipid profile and markers of insulin resistance using standard methods. Results: Compared to non-clubbers, night clubbers had significant higher prevalence of CVD risk factors including habitual alcohol consumption (P<0.001), physical inactivity (P=0.026), poor dietary habits (P<0.001), short sleep duration (P<0.001), abnormal lipid sub fractions (high serum TG, T-chol and LDL levels) (P<0.001), raised blood pressure indices (SBP, DBP, MAP) (P<0.0001), raised serum uric acid level (P<0.0001) and a marker of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P=0.060). Conclusion: CVD risk factors are more prevalent among night clubbers than non-clubbers. Night club, discotheque, tavern, drinking point and bar patrons should be included among target populations in development of interventions necessary to reduce the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in the general population, because current risk factors become future diseases and public health burden. Knowledge of risk factors can be used to shift their population distribution.
“…Our findings on shisha use differ from those of a related study in a poor urban community in Johannesburg which reported 60% of high school students ever used, while 20% were daily users 25 . Similar studies conducted in Nigeria and Rwanda (Kigali) reported a shisha prevalence of 7.1% 26 and 20.8% 27 , respectively. The reasons for the use of shisha were not different from other findings where participants believed shisha is a safer alternative to cigarette smoking, and used it out of curiosity and peer influence 23,24,26,27 .…”
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use in any form leads to mortality and morbidity of millions of people every year, not only tobacco users but also non-users by inhaling secondhand tobacco smoke. The objective of this study was to assess predictors of cigarette and shisha use in urban and urban slum communities in Accra, Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was employed, using a quantitative data collection technique over two months, May to June 2017. Logistic regression was used to study the association between demographic characteristics of respondents and cigarette/shisha use, and data were analyzed in STATA.
RESULTSThe study included 389 respondents from urban (135) and urban slum (254) communities in the capital Accra. The prevalence of ever smoking cigarettes, shisha and electronic cigarettes was 24.
“…Therefore, urban areas are cities with a higher fund allocation [25]. This sampling method increases accessibility grassroots information within the community as was similarly adopted in another study, not part of the current study shisha smoking in selected nightclubs in Nigeria [26]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We assessed respondent’s readiness to quit: pre - contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance [32]. The profoma used to determine readiness to quit was similar to our previous study on shisha smoking in selected nightclubs in Nigeria [26].…”
Background
There is a lack of data on smoking in outdoor-open bars in Nigeria that may translate into effective legislation on public smoking.
Method
This study determined the prevalence, demographic and clinical correlates as well as predictors of smoking among a community sample of 1119 patrons of open place bars in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on current smoking was obtained using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), while smoking intensity was calculated using the Pack-Year. Prevalence of alcohol use was determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), while depression was diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI). Analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20.0 software using Chi square statistics, t test and ANOVA, and was set at 95% confidence interval.
Results
Prevalence of current smoking was 63.8% and the mean pack years of smoking of all respondents was 19.38 ± 17.16 years. Predictors of outdoor smoking were depression OR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.09–1.83) and alcohol use OR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.44–3.13).
Predictors of high pack years were depression OR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.08–2.01), being married, OR = 1.78, 95% CI (1.29–2.45), high income, OR = 1.95, 95% CI (1.42–2.68) and alcohol use OR = 2.82, 95% CI (1.51–5.27). There was no significant relationship between stage of readiness to quit smoking and mean pack years of smoking, F = 0.3, p = 0.5.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of outdoor smoking in the sample calls for urgent public health initiatives for intervention. Thus, outdoor bars are potential tobacco use intervention sites to minimize the health consequences of smoking.
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