Abstract-The complexity of the avionic systems in satellites is rising as space missions become increasingly more sophisticated. This complexity emphasizes the need for more dependable systems with minimal anomalies. As satellite manufactures seek to convert many hardware implemented functionalities into software, the On-Board Software (OBSW) is becoming a major component in every satellite. Noticeably, more tasks for Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery (FDIR) are being implemented in software, where the need comes for a well-defined software architecture that supports a cost-effective implementation of the FDIR functions. FDIR was already explained as key functionality of the OBSW. Obviously not all failures are subject to onboard identification and not all failures are subject to onboard recovery. The FDIR concept to be worked out for the spacecraft during the engineering phase follows some basic requirements and principles, implements a certain failure hierarchy-specifying furthermore on which level the failure is to be fixed-and finally it implements a consistent approach for the functionality transferring the spacecraft to Safe Mode and how to recover from there. Since a FDIR concept usually follows a hierarchical approach, in this paper we will indicate a FDIR and safeguarding hierarchy example in the paper. In this structure we will indicate the levels of failures which handled by unit internal, subsystem software, satellite system software, onboard computer hardware reconfiguration unit and ground. Also we will explain the FDIR hierarchy in safe mode implementation in a bit more detail. In this paper we will consider FDIR technologies in the On-board software in a satellite. Today, there are several proposed methodologies and frameworks which try to solve this problem. We will analyze the functionalities in FDIR Module implemented in an OBSW Framework. Also we have a survey on the FDIR hierarchies and their relationship to the Packet Utilization Standard (PUS) Services.

PROBLEMS OF TEACHING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING IN AZERBAIJANThe article explores the current state of teaching software engineering in Azerbaijan and emphasizes the importance of the training experts in compliance with modern standards in order to develop competitive software systems. The problems existing in teaching software engineering are analyzed, and recommendations for addressing these problems are proposed.

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