En el año 2011, la International Association for the Study of Pain redefinió los dos descriptores utilizados hasta ese momento: el dolor nociceptivo (producido por la estimulación de nociceptores debido a un daño presente o potencial de tejidos no neurales), y el dolor neuropático (debido a una lesión o enfermedad del sistema nervioso somatosensorial). Al suprimir el término «disfunción» de la definición de este último, quedó en la nebulosa un gran grupo de pacientes que presentaba dolor por una alteración de la nocicepción (clínicamente evidente), pero que, al no poder demostrarse una activación de los nociceptores ni una lesión o enfermedad del sistema nervioso, no tenían cabida en la nueva dicotomía establecida (nociceptivo/neuropático). Se ha estimado que alrededor de dos tercios de los trastornos dolorosos musculoesqueléticos se encontraban fuera de ambas categorías (por ejemplo, los casos de lumbalgia y cervicalgia inespecíficas, fibromialgia, síndrome de dolor regional complejo tipo I, entre otros). Por ese motivo, en el 2017 se estableció un tercer descriptor: el dolor nociplástico. Con ello se ha podido subsanar el vacío existente, y dar finalmente una descripción fisiopatológica al diagnóstico de dolor crónico primario (sin daño estructural) que abarca a estos trastornos y que se encuentra codificado en la nueva Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 11.ª revisión,.
Introduction: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common complaint and a main cause of disability, being known its relationship with mental stress (ME). We aimed to know the prevalence of CNP in the Peruvian adult population, its relationship with stress, and to observe if regular physical exercise (PE) could be a protective factor. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted. CNP was considered for those who answered having it at least once a week for the last six months, ME for those having at least five out of eight common symptoms, and the lack of regular PE for those having made physical exercise once a week or less. Results: A total of 1,244 adults responded. Prevalence of CNP was 20.9%. We found an odds ratio (OR) of 7.773 (95%CI, 4.656-12.980) between CNP and ME, and an OR of 1.152 (95%CI, 0.842-1.578) for the lack of regular PE. Values maintained after adjusting for covariates (age ≥25 years-old, female sex and socioeconomical level C/D/E). Conclusions: A fifth of the adult Peruvian population refer CNP, constituting a major health problem in this country. We found a strong association in people with ME, but regular PE is not associated as a protective factor.
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