Introducción: Los bajos niveles de Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno (VO2max) evaluados en escolares chilenos, sugieren la puesta en marcha de entrenamientos que mejoren la capacidad aeróbica. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un método de Entrenamiento Intervalado de Alta Intensidad sobre el Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno en escolares chilenos. Materiales y métodos: Treinta y dos escolares de octavo año básico divididos en dos grupos fueron parte del estudio (grupo experimental = 16 y grupo control = 16). La principal variable analizada fue el Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno a través del Test de Course Navette. Se aplicó un método de Entrenamiento Intervalado de Alta Intensidad basado en la Velocidad Aeróbica Máxima obtenida a través del Test. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un ANOVA Mixto. Resultados: El grupo experimental presentó un aumento significativo en el Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno entre el pre test y post test al ser comparado con el grupo control (p < 0.0001). Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio mostraron un efecto positivo del Entrenamiento Intervalado de Alta Intensidad sobre el Consumo Máximo de Oxígeno. Al término del estudio, se concluye que el Entrenamiento Intervalado de Alta Intensidad es una buena metodología de estimulación para escolares chilenos.
Introducción: Cambios en las conductas o adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables están presentes con la evolución de la edad y la modificación de entornos educativos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar la evidencia científica existente en torno al comportamiento hacia la actividad física en tiempo libre y la evolución de la intención de ser físicamente activo durante la transición escolar a la universidad en estudiantes universitarios desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, la Teoría de Comportamiento Planeado y el Modelo Trans-Contextual. Método: 472 artículos originales en SPORTDiscus y búsqueda manual, hasta junio del 2019, de los cuales 54 estudios cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La Teoría de la Autodeterminación fue la más implementada en los estudios seleccionados. Resultados: La combinación de teorías ha ampliado la posibilidad de analizar el comportamiento hacia la actividad física desde otros constructos. Conclusiones: Asociaciones significativas y positivas entre el apoyo social, la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación autodeterminada, favorecen la intención y la práctica real de la actividad física, si se aminoran las barreras percibidas y se tiene en cuenta las diferencias de género y de contexto; los procesos de transición escolar favorecen la adherencia hacia un estilo de vida activo, si se cuenta con experiencias positivas percibidas en la clase de educación física, la actividad física extraescolar y la actividad física promovida en el entorno universitario. Abstract. Introduction: Changes in behaviors or adoption of unhealthy lifestyles are present with the evolution of age and the modification of educational environments. This review aims to identify the existing scientific evidence around the behavior toward physical activity in leisure time and the evolution of the intention to be physically active during the school transition to university in university students from the Theory of Self-determination, the Theory of Behavior Planned and the Trans-Contextual Model. Method: 472 original articles in SPORTDiscus and manual search, up to June 2019, of which 54 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: The Self-determination Theory was the most widely implemented in the selected studies. The combination of theories has expanded the possibility of analyzing behavior towards physical activity from other constructs. Conclusions: Significant and positive associations between social support, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation, favor the intention and actual practice of physical activity, if perceived barriers are reduced and gender and context differences are taken into account; School transition processes favor adherence to an active lifestyle, if there are positive experiences perceived in physical education class, extracurricular physical activity and physical activity promoted in the university environment.
BackgroundImproving health of children and adolescents is crucial for their overall development. Therefore, it is essential to explore factors that may influence their health at both the public health and school system levels.ObjectiveThis study compares physical fitness components and waist-height-to-ratio (WHtR) in adolescents according to school uniforms, namely the traditional uniform (i.e., shirt and school necktie in boys and skirt and blouse in girls) and the sports uniform (i.e., polo shirts or t-shirts and sport or short trousers). Additionally, it seeks to investigate potential differences in these measures based on sex and school type (i.e., public, subsidized, and private).MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Chilean national learning outcome assessment system (SIMCE)–2014 and involved 8,030 adolescents. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) were measured. WHtR was assessed as a health cardiovascular indicator. Mixed models and ANCOVA were performed to compare uniform types, adjusting for multiple covariates. value of p and effect size (ES) was used to establish significant results.ResultsOverall, sports uniforms (SU) were linked to higher CRF (p < 0.001) than the traditional uniform (TU). Boys from private schools wearing SU presented higher CRF (p = 0.016; ES = 0.37), and a positive trend was observed for MF (p = 0.645; ES = 0.21). In subsidized, a trend was found in CRF (p = 0.005; ES = 0.16). Girls wearing SU from private schools showed a positive trend in CRF (p = 0.167; ES = 0.28). Trends in WHtR were found in both sexes from private (p = 0.555; ES = 0.24; p = 0.444; ES = 0.25, respectively).ConclusionWearing SU seems a promissory alternative to promote healthy physical fitness and body composition at the educational level. However, the relationship between higher physical activity and CRF, MF, and lower WHtR due to SU must be verified. Finally, when deciding to implement this measure, special attention must be paid to boys from public schools and girls from all types of schools.
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