In the present study, we investigated whether both adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) and osteogenic-induced ADSC sheets could promote bone healing in a rat distal femoral metaphysis bone defect model. A through-hole defect of 1 mm diameter was drilled into each distal femur of 12 week old rats. Forty-five rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control group; (2) ADSC sheet group; or (3) osteogenic-induced ADSC sheet group. We evaluated each group by analysis of computerized tomography scans every week after the surgery, histological analysis, and DiI labeling (a method of membrane staining for post implant cell tracing). Radiological and histological evaluations showed that a part of the hole persisted in the control group at four weeks after surgery, whereas the hole was restored almost completely by new bone formation in both sheet groups. The mean value of bone density (in Houndsfield units) for the bone defect area was significantly higher in both sheet groups than that in the control group ( p = 0.05) at four weeks postoperative. A large number of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts were observed at the area of bone defect, especially in the osteogenic-induced ADCS sheet group. DiI labeling in the newly formed bone showed that each sheet had differentiated into bone tissue at four weeks after surgery. The ADSC and the osteogenic-induced ADSC sheets promoted significantly quicker bone healing in the bone defect. Moreover, the osteogenic-induced ADSC sheet may be more advantageous for bone healing than the ADSC sheet because of the higher number of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts via the transplantation.

18Objectives. Soft tissue wounds with exposed bone often require extended healing times 19 and can be associated with severe complications. We describe the ability of artificial 20 dermis with autogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to promote the healing of 21 wounds with exposed bone in a rat model. 22Methods. Adipose tissues harvested from the bilateral inguinal regions of Wistar rats 23 were used as ADSCs. Rats were randomly divided into control and ADSC groups to 24 investigate the efficacy of ADSC transplantation for wound healing (n=20 per group). 25Soft tissue defects were created on the heads of the rats and were covered with artificial 26 dermis with or without the seeded ADSCs. Specimens from these rats were evaluated 27 using digital image analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, cell labeling, and real-28 time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). 29Results. The average global wound area was significantly smaller in the ADSC group 30 than in the control group on days 3, 7, and 14 after surgery (p<0.05). After 14 days, the 31 blood vessel density in the wound increased by 1.6-fold in the ADSC group compared 32 with that in the control group (p<0.01). Real-time RT-PCR results showed higher Fgfb 33 and Vegf expression levels at all time points, and higher Tgfb1 and Tgfb3 expression 34 levels until 14 days after surgery, in the ADSC group than in the control group 35 (p<0.05). 36Conclusions. In wounds with exposed bone, autogenic ADSCs can promote 37 vascularization and wound healing. Use of this cell source has multiple benefits, 38 including convenient clinical application and lack of ethical concerns. 39 3 40 41 Introduction 42Some wounds caused by ulcers, trauma, and various operations, result in exposed bone, 43 leading to severe complications in many cases during treatment of soft tissue. Currently, 44 surgical treatment for defects with exposed bone typically involves the use of local or 45 distal skin flaps, muscle flaps, or myocutaneous flaps. However, there are many risks 46 associated with wound coverage by these flaps, and a complicated microsurgical 47 approach is required for successful treatment. Moreover, use of a composite tissue 48 transfer technique may not be possible in such cases owing to the paucity of the graft 49 donor site and other factors.50Artificial dermis is a commercially available treatment for full-thickness skin defects 51 after debridement. It has been successfully used to promote healing by creating a 52 vascular matrix over an exposed bone in clinical reports [1,2]. However, the formation 53 of neodermal tissue is delayed, thus prolonging the treatment period. A main reason for 54 prolonging the treatment period is the slow vascularization rate [3]. Several recent 55 studies have shown that in the context of tissue injury, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 56 exhibit excellent potential for promoting healing and vascularization of wounds [4,5]. 57Among the various types of MSCs, adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ADSCs) have 58...

Objectives Soft tissue wounds with exposed bone often require extended healing times and can be associated with severe complications. We describe the ability of artificial dermis with autogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to promote the healing of wounds with exposed bone in a rat model. Methods Adipose tissues harvested from the bilateral inguinal regions of Wistar rats were used as ADSCs. Rats were randomly divided into control and ADSC groups to investigate the efficacy of ADSC transplantation for wound healing (n = 20 per group). Soft tissue defects were created on the heads of the rats and were covered with artificial dermis with or without the seeded ADSCs. Specimens from these rats were evaluated using digital image analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, cell labeling, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Results The average global wound area was significantly smaller in the ADSC group than in the control group on days 3, 7, and 14 after surgery ( p <0.05). After 14 days, the blood vessel density in the wound increased by 1.6-fold in the ADSC group compared with that in the control group ( p <0.01). Real-time RT-PCR results showed higher Fgfb and Vegf expression levels at all time points, and higher Tgfb1 and Tgfb3 expression levels until 14 days after surgery in the ADSC group than in the control group ( p <0.05). Conclusions In wounds with exposed bone, autogenic ADSCs can promote vascularization and wound healing. Use of this cell source has multiple benefits, including convenient clinical application and lack of ethical concerns.

We found significant differences in some of these parameters, suggesting that child and adult skiers have different risk factors or mechanisms of injury for tibial shaft fractures.

Autologous cancellous bone (ACB) grafting is the “gold standard” treatment for delayed bone union. However, small animal models for such grafts are lacking. Here, we developed an ACB graft rat model. Anatomical information regarding the iliac structure was recorded from five rat cadavers (10 ilia). Additionally, 5 and 25 rats were used as controls and ACB graft models, respectively. A defect was created in rat femurs and filled with ACB. Post-graft neo-osteogenic potential was assessed by radiographic evaluation and histological analysis. Iliac bone harvesting yielded the maximum amount of cancellous bone with minimal invasiveness, considering the position of parailiac nerves and vessels. The mean volume of cancellous bone per rat separated from the cortical bone was 73.8 ± 5.5 mm3. Bone union was evident in all ACB graft groups at 8 weeks, and new bone volume significantly increased every 2 weeks (P < 0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated the ability of ACB grafts to act as a scaffold and promote bone union in the defect. In conclusion, we established a stable rat model of ACB grafts by harvesting the iliac bone. This model can aid in investigating ACB grafts and development of novel therapies for bone injury.