<p>Salah satu dampak perubahan iklim terhadap budidaya cabai merah di dataran rendah ialah peningkatan intensitas serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT). Penelitian penggunaan rumah kasa untuk mengatasi serangan OPT pada budidaya cabai merah dilakukan di Kecamatan Kersana, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah pada bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh rumah kasa terhadap serangan OPT dan produksi cabai merah. Dua macam perlakuan yang diuji ialah (a) budidaya tanaman cabai merah di dalam rumah kasa dan penggunaan pestisida berdasarkan ambang pengendalian OPT dan (b) budidaya tanaman cabai merah di lahan terbuka dan penggunaan pestisida dengan sistem kalender 3 hari sekali. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode petak berpasangan dan tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Petak perlakuan berukuran 137,5 m2, varietas cabai yang ditanam ialah Tit Segitiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan rumah kasa dapat mengurangi serangan OPT sebesar 12–28,52%, sehingga biaya pestisida dapat dikurangi lebih dari 95% dengan produksi lebih tinggi sebesar 927,53% dibandingkan dengan budidaya tanaman cabai merah di lahan terbuka tanpa rumah kasa. Dengan demikian, penggunaan rumah kasa dapat direkomendasikan sebagai teknologi budidaya cabai merah di dataran rendah.</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>One of impacts of climate change is increasing of pests and diseases infestation. Study of use of netting house for suppresing pests and diseases on hot peppers in the lowland area was carried out at Kersana Subdistrict, Brebes District, Central Java from April to October 2010. This study aimed to determine the effect of netting house on pests and diseases infestation and the yield on hot peppers cultivation. The treatments tested were : (a) hot pepper cultivation in the netting house and the use of pesticides based on the control threshold and (b) hot peppers cultivation in open field and pesticide use every 3 days. The study was conducted with paired comparison and each treatment was repeated three times. The size of every plot was 137.5 m2. Hot pepper variety planted was Tit Segitiga. The results showed that the use of netting house could decrease pests and diseases infestation (12–28,52%), so that pesticide cost could be reduced more than 95% with the yield higher than 927.53% compared with those of hot peppers cultivation in open field. There for the use of netting house can be recommended for hot peppers cultivation in lowland area.</p>
Di Indonesia, penelitian tentang pengaruh jumlah cabang per tanaman sangat terbatas dan baru dilakukan pada satu varietas paprika, yaitu cv. Ferrari. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pilihan petani terhadap varietas yang dibudidayakan, penelitian tentang pengaruh jumlah cabang per tanaman pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas paprika perlu dilakukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Plastik kayu-metal, Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m dpl.), Jawa Barat dari bulan Juni 2007 sampai dengan Februari 2008. Penelitian menguji dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu (1) jumlah cabang per tanaman dengan dua taraf, yaitu dua dan tiga cabang per tanaman serta (2) varietas dengan tiga taraf yaitu varietas Spider, Chang, dan Athena. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah cabang per tanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil paprika. Tanaman paprika dengan sistem tiga cabang menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan sistem dua cabang terutama pada umur 11 minggu setelah tanam. Tanaman paprika dengan sistem tiga cabang memberikan hasil total dan hasil kelas buah >200 g berturut-turut lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 9,3 dan 9,1% daripada tanaman paprika dengan dua cabang. Total hasil varietas Athena dan Spider lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan varietas Chang, tetapi varietas Chang menghasilkan jumlah buah yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan dua varietas lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi untuk pemilihan varietas dan teknik budidaya paprika dalam kondisi rumah plastik di Indonesia.<br /><br /><br />In Indonesia, research on the effect of stem number per plant is very limited and it was conducted only in one sweet pepper variety namely Ferrari. In order to increase the possibility of farmers to choose good cultivated varieties, an experiment needs to be conducted to determine the effect of stem number per plant on the growth and yields of three sweet pepper varieties. This experiment was carried out in the wood-metal plastichouse at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang (1,250 m asl.), West Java from June 2007 to February 2008. Two factor treatments tested were (1) number of stem per plant with two levels i.e. two stems and three stems per plant and (2) varieties of sweet pepper i.e. Spider, Chang, and Athena. The treatment combinations were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that number of stem per plant significantly affected the growth and yield of sweet pepper. The plant height of sweet pepper plants grown with three stems were significantly higher than those with two stems, especially after 11 weeks after planting. The plants grown with three stems per plant gave higher total yield and yield of class >200 g up to 9.3 and 9.1%, respectively than the ones grown with two stems per plant. The total yield and yield of class > 200 g of Athena and Spider were significantly higher than those of Chang. However, Chang yielded more number of fruits compared to Athena and Spider. The results can be used as a recommendation in variety selection and cultivation of sweet pepper grown under plastichouse conditions in Indonesia.<br /><br />
Organisme penganggu yang paling merugikan dalam budidaya paprika ialah hama trips dan penyakit embun tepung. Upaya pengendalian hama tersebut oleh petani bertumpu pada penggunaan pestisida, tetapi sampai saat ini hasilnya kurang memuaskan. Oleh karena itu perlu dicari alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dan salah satu di antaranya ialah dengan menerapkan teknologi pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT). Penelitian mengenai penerapan teknologi PHT pada budidaya paprika dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat (± 1.250 m dpl) dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui kelayakan komponen teknologi PHT untuk mengendalikan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) pada budidaya paprika. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode petak berpasangan untuk membandingkan teknologi PHT dan teknologi konvensional. Komponen teknologi PHT yang dirakit terdiri atas pelepasan predator Menochilus sexmaculatus (1 ekor/ tanaman, 1 kali/ minggu), penyemprotan Verticilium lecanii (3 x 108 spora/ml, 1 kali /minggu), dan penggunaan pestisida selektif berdasarkan ambang pengendalian. Teknologi konvensional ialah teknologi budidaya yang umum digunakan oleh petani paprika di Kabupaten Bandung Barat berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan 20 orang petani. Tiap perlakuan terdiri atas 200 tanaman paprika yang dibudidayakan secara hidroponik di dalam rumah kasa dan tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi PHT dapat mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sebesar 84,60%. Kandungan residu pestisida pada buah paprika dapat ditekan hingga di bawah batas maksimum residu (BMR) yang telah ditetapkan, sedang pada perlakuan konvensional residu insektisida Imidakloprid dan fungisida Fenarimol melampaui nilai BMR. Rakitan teknologi PHT ini layak direkomendasikan kepada petani.<br /><br /><br /><br />Main pests of sweet peppers are thrips and powdery mildew that can reduce the yield. Farmers generally use pesticide for controlling the pests but the result was not satisfy. Therefore it is important to determine alternative methods, and one of them is implementing integrated pests management (IPM). Study of IPM implementation to control main pests on sweet peppers cultivation was conducted in Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute at Lembang (1,250 m asl), West Bandung District, West Java from January until December 2007. The aim of the experiment was to study IPM technology feasibilities to control main pests on sweet peppers. The experimental design used the study was a paired-comparison method to compare IPM technology and conventional technology. The IPM technology tested consisted of the releasing of predator Menochilus sexmaculatus (1 adult/ plant, once a week), spraying of Verticilium lecanii (3 x 108 spores/ ml, once a week), the use of control threshold and selective pesticides. Conventional technology tested was the technology used by farmers in West Bandung District according to the interview with 20 farmers. Each treatment consisted of 200 sweet peppers plants cultivated in hydroponics system in a screenhouse, and each treatment was repeated four times. The results of the study showed that implementation of IPM technology reduced the use of pesticides (84.60%), and reduced the pesticides residue content in the sweet pepper fruit under the maximum residue level (MRL) in the other hand, in the conventional treatment, the residue of Imidacloprid and Fenarimol was above MRL. The yield in both treatments was equal. Integrated Pests Management technology can be recommended to the farmers.<br /><br />
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