In the present study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the neural mechanisms involved in the imagined spatial transformation of one's body. The task required subjects to update the position of one of four external objects from memory after they had performed an imagined self-rotation to a new position. Activation in the rotation condition was compared with that in a control condition in which subjects located the positions of objects without imagining a change in selfposition. The results indicated similar networks of activation to other egocentric transformation tasks involving decisions about body parts. The most significant area of activation was in the left posterior parietal cortex. Other regions of activation common among several of the subjects were secondary visual, premotor, and frontal lobe regions. These results are discussed relative to motor and visual imagery processes as well as to the distinctions between the present task and other imagined egocentric transformation tasks.

Functional near-infrared sensing (fNIR) enables real-time, noninvasive monitoring of cognitive activity by measuring the brain's hemodynamic and metabolic responses. We have demonstrated the ability for non-vocal and non-physical communications through detecting directed changes in cognitive tasks. Building upon past research, this paper reports methods that allow the calibration of the fNIR oxygenation signal to better be used in more complex communicative and selection tasks. This work is then discussed in the context of a faster, continuous fNIR brain-computer interface framework.

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