The rise of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-related clinical cases is an alarming chronicle for global communities. This research was conducted to examine the antistaphylococcal effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx fractions in the Drosophila model. In the infection experiment, wild-type and immunodeficient Drosophila were pricked with S. aureus and subsequently subjected to fly survivorship and colony-forming assays, in the presence or absence of roselle calyx fractions. The Involvement of immune stimulation in the host antibacterial protection was assessed in vitro using cell-based luciferase reporter assay and in vivo using RT-qPCR analysis on adult flies. A declining rate of fly survivorship and augmentation of bacterial growth were observable in S. aureus-infected wild-type flies but subject to improvement in the presence of roselle calyx fractions. Cell-based analysis revealed the absence of host immune stimulation via Drosophila Toll pathway and roselle calyx fractions-treated immune-deficient flies lacking for components in the Toll pathway were protected from infection-induced early death phenotype and harbored reduced number of S. aureus colonies. Overall, our data confirmed the in vivo anti-staphylococcal activity of roselle calyx fractions in Drosophila infection model and such protective signature was devoid of host immune stimulation.
One
of the biggest challenges in infectious disease treatment is
the existence of bacterial infections in underskin wound tissue, such
as cellulitis. Compared to other treatments, it is harder for antibacterial
drugs to penetrate the physical barrier on the affected skin with
a nonspecific target, making conventional therapy for cellulitis infection
more difficult and considered. In this novel research, we pioneer
a combined strategy of dissolving microneedles (MNs) and bacteria-sensitive
microparticles (MPs) for enhanced penetration and targeted delivery
of chloramphenicol (CHL) to the infection site specifically. The polycaprolactone
polymer was used to make MPs because of its sensitivity to bacterial
enzyme stimuli. The best microparticle formulation was discovered
and optimized using the Design–Expert application.
Furthermore, this study evaluated the antibacterial activity of MPs in vitro and in vivo on the mutant Drosophila
larval infection model. This strategy shows improvement in the antibacterial
activity of MPs and higher retention duration compared to conventional
cream formulation, and the inclusion of these MPs into dissolving
MNs was able to greatly improve the dermatokinetic characteristics
of CHL in ex vivo evaluation. Importantly, the antimicrobial
efficacy in an ex vivo infection model demonstrated
that, following the use of this strategy, bacterial bioburdens decreased
by up to 99.99% after 24 h. The findings offered a proof of concept
for the enhancement of CHL dermatokinetic profiles and antimicrobial
activities after its preparation into bacteria-sensitive MPs and distribution
by MNs. Future research should investigate in vivo effectiveness in an appropriate animal model.
Burns is one of the incidents that can lead to death (mortality). One of the natural products that have potential to serve as an alternative treatment of burns is orange peel. Orange peel has a chemical composition such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E, vitamin A, and polyphenols as antioxidants that inhibit free radicals responsible in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory. In this study, formulation was made in the form of biocellulose which is the primary metabolism product of bacteria. The purpose of this research was to obtain the concentration of the extract of orange peel on bioselullose that have the effect of decreasing the burn wound in rats. Orange peel was extracted then fortified into biocellulose with a concentration of 3%, 6%, and 9%. After that, the wound healing was tested on animals in the form of decreasing the wound diameter. The results showed that the concentration of extract of orange peel 3% on the fortification of biocellulose showed the good percentage of burn wound decreasing i.e. 45.52% with diameter average of 18.35 mm. This result indicates the concentration of extract of orange peel 3% is better than others.
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