Abstrak. Pemanfaatan anggrek spesies dari

Dyera lowii is an endemic and vulnerable tree species of commercial value as chewing gum found in peat swamp forests, scatteredly distributed in Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Peninsular Malaysia. Their existence is now under severe threat due to habitat conversion. This study is aimed to assess genetic diversity within four natural populations (Hampangen, Parahangan, Sebangau, Selat Nusa ) and one plantation in Central Kalimantan based on allozyme variation. Electrophoresis procedures were conducted with an isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide slab gel system. The result showed high genetic diversity (H E =0.52) and gene fl ow (3.402) seemed to be effective. A total of 14 alleles were found among all the analysed population. Mean number of alleles per locus (A a ) was 3.206, and the effective number of alleles per locus (A e ) was 2.21. Genetic differentiation between populations (F ST ) was signifi cant at the moderately level (0.0685). Most allozyme variation was found within population (93.2%). Special attention is essential to conserve a private allele of Got-1-e (9%) at Selat Nusa population. Sebangau population missed the alleles of Est-2-b and Got-1-a, as found in other populations. Selat Nusa population is expected to enhance the effective management for genetic resources conservation of this vulnerable species in the future.

DNA isolation and purification in the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process require reagents that are toxic, more costly and time consuming, and contamination. S. burahol leaves contain phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids which can interfere with DNA isolation. The use of direct PCR kits can detect genes without DNA extraction.The objective of study was to determinethe method of gene detection ofStelechocarpus buraholusing directPCRkit.In each location, one tree was taken as a source of leaf samples from Garut, Purwodadi Botanical Gardens, Kyai Langgeng Gardens, Yogyakarta Palace, Turi Sleman, Wanagama, Karanganyar, and South Kalimantan, except Bogor Botanical Gardens, two trees were taken. The primers used for the trials were ITS 1F primers and 4R primers. In the sequencing stage, PCR product samples of 40 -50 μl that showed positive results were detected by electrophoresis. The PCR product was measuredat ± 750 bp from ten samples. Direct PCR kits can be used for S. buraholgene detection, time and energy efficient, only requires a small amount of tissue, and reduces contamination due to DNA extraction. Direct PCR kits can be an effective method that can be utilized to detect target genesfor large populations.

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C. pandurata merupakan anggrek endemik, termasuk Appendiks I menurut CITES, dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Kebakaran hutan, konversi lahan, eksploitasi tidak terkendali, periode berbunga sangat pendek, dan sulit disilangkan menjadi faktor penyebab yang membuat populasi C pandurata terancam punah sehingga perlu dilakukan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perbedaan karakter morfologi C. pandurata dari Muara Teweh dan Tewah, propagasi secara in vitro, serta pelestarian berbasis komunitas masyarakat lokal. Bunga asal Tewah memiliki ciri-ciri seperti warna lidah lebih hitam, bulu halus dan ornamen lebih jelas, panjang dan lebar pada bulbus dan daun asal Tewah lebih besar. Eksplan serbuk biji ditanam pada medium perlakuan: I. MS (kontrol), II. MS + 3 mg/l BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine), III. MS + 3 mg/l BAP + Pisang, IV. MS + 3 mg/l BAP + air kelapa, dan V. MS + 3 mg/l BAP + tomat. Pada 10 HST (Hari Setelah Tanam) terjadi perubahan warna biji kuning menjadi hijau. Pro-meristem mengalami diferensiasi menjadi kutub calon akar pada suspensor dan kutub calon tunas. Protocorm tumbuh pada 21 HST. Seedling tumbuh pada 8 MST (Minggu Setelah Tanam) pada perlakuan I, II, dan IV. Pada perlakuan III seedling dengan tunas 0,5 cm terlihat pada 9 MST. Pada perlakuan V seedling tumbuh pada 11 MST dengan perawakan sehat dan kuat. Komunitas masyarakat lokal dan hutan adat menjadi prioritas awal pembinaan dan pemberdayaan melalui kegiatan pengenalan anggrek, teknik budi daya, pemahaman konservasi serta penanaman ke habitat, sehingga konservasi in-situ dapat berjalan secara berkesinambungan.