Mud crabs (Scylla serrata) cannot synthesize essential fatty acids, so it needs a supply of Omega-3 fatty acids. One source of unsaturated fatty acids are Omega-3 in Crude Fish Oil (CFO). CFO is a source of essential fatty acids which contains EPA and DHA. The aim is to determine the provision of CFO on trash fish feed to the content of Omega-3 in mud crab. The method is experimentally using completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The number of CFO doses that added in a trash fish feed are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%) and P4 (8%). Analysis of the content of EPA and DHA in mud crab performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry equipped with a column of silica and helium as a gas booster. The results showed that the addition of CFO on the feed provides a significantly different effect (P <0.05) of Omega-3 (EPA and DHA). Content of EPA and DHA in mud crab has shown the increased results when giving the smallest dose, 2% of CFO at P1 treatment, but when the dose was increased again to 4%, 6% and even 8% the results did not show any significant difference.

<span lang="EN-US">Skin aging is a complex biological process caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. There are various approaches to preventing skin aging, one of which is using herbal nanocosmetics. This narrative review aims to determine the natural ingredients, type of nanoformulations, and its effects of herbal nanocosmetics to prevent skin aging. The method used in this study was searching for articles related to herbal nanocosmetics to avoid aging skin through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct with the keywords herbal plants, anti-aging, herbal cosmetics, cosmetics, nanocosmetics, nanoformulations, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and topical delivery. The inclusion criteria were research articles or review articles about herbal plants made into herbal nanocosmetics to prevent skin aging with the topical route of administration published between 2010-2021 in full text. The articles that have been obtained are then selected, reviewed, and analyzed. Herbal plants made into herbal nanocosmetics contain phenolic compounds for nanoformulations used, namely silver nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), nanoemulsions, liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes. These nanocosmetics herbs affect skin aging, including UV protection, preventing wrinkles and dark spots, moisturizing and brightening the skin. The herbal nanocosmetics prevent the effects of skin aging through some mechanisms such as anti-oxidant, photoprotective agents, modulators of collagen or elastin synthesis, and inhibitors of melanin synthesis.</span>

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) rhizome ethanol extract contains a lipophilic compound of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulation can increase the solubility of the extract in water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surfactant combination on the kencur rhizome extract in the SNEDDS system. The SNEDDS formulations were carried out by selecting the surfactant ratio of Tween 80:Span 80 and Tween 80:Chremophor RH 40, followed by selecting the ratio of surfactant mixtures to polyethylene glycol 400 as co-surfactant, and to virgin coconut oil as the oil phase. The clarity, transmittance, emulsification time, particle size, and polydispersity index were evaluated. The stability test was carried out in aquadest, artificial gastric fluid, and artificial intestinal fluid for 4 hours at 37°C. The results showed that the combination of Tween 80: Chremophor RH 40 produced better SNEDDS than Tween 80:Span 80. The combination of surfactant-cosurfactant of Tween 80:Chremophor RH 40:PEG 400 at ratio 3:1 and 1:1 could produce homogenous dispersed SNEDDS showing droplet size of 23,0 and 21,8 nm; transmittance of 95.63% and 93.83%, and SNEDDS preconcentrate emulsified less than 35 seconds. The single surfactant Tween 80:PEG 400 at the ratio 3:1 produce better dispersed SNEDDS than the combined surfactant with droplet size 16.3 nm, transmittance 97.85%, and SNEDDS preconcentrate emulsified less than 45 seconds. The SNEDDS system could produce a smaller droplet size than the extract in aquadest.

One issue in patient safety still a concern is the timeliness of reporting patient safety incidents. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the group, organizational, and mediator factors on misbehavior performance in implementing patient safety incident reporting in hospitals. The study was a descriptive study with a crosssectional design conducted on all units in the hospital involving 174 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire that measured all variables on group factors, organizational factors, mediator factors, and misbehavior performance. Cross tabulation is used to analysis with a percentage difference of >20%. The results showed several groups and organizational factor namely cohesiveness, leadership, constructive type organizational culture, organizational climate, and control systems related to the ability to internalize organizational values and norms, belief in deviant behavior, and intentions to engage in deviant behavior. There is a correlation between mediator factors consisting of normative force, instrumental force, and intention to misbehave with deviant behavior in reporting patient safety incidents. Group and organizational factors are related to mediator factors, including internalization of organizational values and norms, beliefs of deviant behavior, and intentions. In addition, there is also a relationship between mediator factors and deviant behavior in reporting patient safety incidents.

ABSTRAKBadan Standarisasi Nasional (BSN) melalui Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Nomor 2730.1:2013 telah menetapkan standar mutu minyak hati ikan cucut botol yang terdiri dari uji sensoris, kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar skualen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu sediaan kapsul minyak hati ikan cucut botol yang beredar di pasaran. Pengujian mutu dilakukan sesuai dengan metode yang dirujuk SNI, adapun sampel uji berjumlah 6. Persyaratan nilai uji sensoris minimal 7, kadar air maksimal 0,3%, kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal 1,5% dan kadar skualen minimal 70. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, semua sampel tidak memenuhi persyaratan kadar skualen, namun kesemuanya memenuhi persyaratan kadar asam lemak bebas. Salah satu sampel tidak memenuhi persyaratan kadar air dan uji sensoris. Kata Kunci : minyak hati ikan cucut botol; kadar air; uji sensoris; kadar asam lemak bebas; skualenABSTRACT National standard agency of Indonesia has set the quality standard of shark liver oil through the Indonesian national standard which consists of sensory test, moisture content, free fatty acid as well as squalene concentration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate quality of shark liver oil capsule on market. As many as 6 samples were tested for the quality in accordance to SNI through organoleptic test (<7), moisture content (max 0.3%), free fatty acid content (max 1.5%) and squalene concentration (min 70%). The results showed that the level of squalene in all samples do not meet the standard requirement, however all samples meet the free fatty acid content requirements. One sample does not fit the standard criteria in the term of organoleptic test and moisture content.