Investigation in radioactive contaminant removal from aqueous solutions has been considered essential upon unexpected nuclear accidents. In this report, we have successfully prepared Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with different substituted cations (A2[Fe(CN)6] (A: Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+)). The synthesized PBAs were characterized and employed for the removal of Cs+, Sr2+, and Co2+ as sorption models, which are commonly found in radioactive waste. Sorption examinations reveal that Cu2[Fe(CN)6] has the highest sorption capacity towards Cs+, Sr2+, and Co2+ compared with those of Co2[Fe(CN)6] and Ni2[Fe(CN)6]. This is mainly attributed to the cation-exchange ability of substituted metal within the framework of PBAs. The sorption mechanism is qualitatively and quantitatively supported by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis (TXRF). In addition, it was found that Cs+ is adsorbed most effectively by PBAs due to the size matching between Cs+ ions and the channel windows of PBAs. These findings are important for the design of sorbents with suitable ion-exchange capacity and selectivity toward targeted radioactive wastes.

It is well-known that drugs administered into an organism intravenously or through the gastrointestinal tract are degraded by enzymes of the body, reducing their therapeutic effect. One of the ways to decrease this undesirable process is through the inclusion of drugs in nanomaterials. Earlier strong anticoagulant activity was demonstrated for dipeptide IleTrp (IW) and adenosine (Ado). In this work, the effect of inclusion in nanomaterials on the biological activity of IW and Ado was studied. For this purpose, Ado and IW were incorporated into thermosensitive nanogel composed of pluronic P123-grafted heparin. The prepared nanocarrier was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential. Biological activity was determined by measuring the bleeding time from mouse tail in vivo and the time of clot formation in vitro. It was found that encapsulation of Ado and IW into nanomaterial significantly increased their effects, resulting in an increase in the bleeding time from mouse tail and clot formation time. Thus, inclusion of low molecular weight anticoagulants Ado and IW into nanomaterials may be considered a way to increase their biological activity. physical protection from environmental stimuli and may target the load to specific sites [8]. Making these systems stimuli-responsive is an efficient way to improve their functions. Use of stimulus-sensitive polymers for the manufacture of smart drug delivery systems and/or active targeting delivery systems may greatly increase the therapeutic efficacy of drugs and biologically active molecules [9,10].Among many other nanomaterials, nanogels can be used as biodegradable and highly efficient carriers for the transportation of drugs and controlled drug release [11,12]. Encapsulation in nanogels is widely used to enhance solubility and stability, e.g., for anticancer drugs. This is especially important for the peptides; loading peptides into nanogel increases their stability and reduces acute toxicity. In fact, several types of nanocarriers have performed their roles in the field very well. Thus, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene imine) nanoparticles effectively delivered superoxide dismutase to the cytoplasm via direct translocation and endocytosis-endosomal escape pathways [6]. Mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles have been used for encapsulation and targeted delivery of several proteins and peptides [13]. Along this line, heparin and its derivatives were utilized to deliver many kinds of drugs or bioactive molecules via heparin-drug conjugate, drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles or nanogels, nanosized complexation, and heparin-coated organic or inorganic nanoparticles [14][15][16]. These heparin-based carriers have been used in various applications, thereby improving the bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of drugs or biologically active compounds. The anticoagulant properties of the heparin itself were improved by covalent attachment to the outer surface of the colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles [17]. T...

Five positions were drilled with the depth of 45 metres, in order to research the source of arsenic contamination in groundwater in Cat Tien district, Lam Dong province. In the Cat Tien district, high concentratring of arsenic are found in both of the Holocene (adQ) and Pleistocene (J2ln) aquifers. Reduction of FeOOH(As) and reduction of arsenic poverty ore types to release arsenic to solution, are main mechanisms to explain the arsenic pollutes groundwater in Cat Tien district. The high concentration of arsenic in the sediments of the Cat Tien delta and the occurrence of reducing conditions were essential conditions to explain the extreme degree and extent of arsenic pollution. Elevated arsenic pollution would be due to the biodegradation of buried peat deposits which caused the high reduction of FeOOH(As) and affored supplied high concentration of arsenic to the groundwater.

Evaluation of arsenic pollution in surface water and groundwarter layers in the Cát Tiên district of the Lam Dong province has been carried out during the period of 2013–2015. Arsenic concentrations of 37 samples of surface water and dug well water ranged from 0 to 5 ppb. 9/29 water samples drilling wells of the Quaternary groundwater layer had arsenic concentrations higher than those of the standard QCVN01:2009/BYT. The arsenic concentration of samples collected from the Cat Tien commune (CT-TT 04) and the Gia Vien commune (CT-GV 03) was about 10 times higher than that of the standard QCVN 01:2009/BYT. Especially, the arsenic concentration of the drilling well from Tu Nghia communes (CT-TN 04) was about 45 times higher than the standard QCVN 01:2009/BYT. Drilling wells with arsenic pollution had the Eh range from -1.4 mV to -186 mV. The concentrations of arsenic and ammonium of drilling wells in Gia Vien and Cat Tien commune were high. The concentrations of As3+and Fe2+ were higher than those of As5+ and Fe3+, respectively.