This study suggests that training improves laparoscopic suturing skills in experienced as well as inexperienced laparoscopic surgeons.

Introduction: Anal fissure is an ischemic ulcer caused by combination of spasm of internal anal sphincter and poor blood supply to the posterior midline of anal canal. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Glyceryl Trinitrate and Nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Methods: Ninety patients with symptomatic anal fissure in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital are allocated for study in two groups of 45 each from March 2013 to April 2014. The patients are assigned alternatively to GTN group and Nifedipine group. All patients were assessed every week till 8 weeks in regards to headache, compliance, healing and recurrence. The patients who had complete healing in 8 weeks were further followed up for 6 weeks to detect recurrence. Results: Patients in the two groups were comparable in regard to demographic data (age and sex) as well as clinical factors. Headache was main complaint of patients using GTN in high percentage (16.6%) than complained by patients using topical Nifedipine (6.9%). This factor led to poor compliance with GTN compared with Nifedipine.  Nifedipine showed better healing rate 82.5% compared with GTN 60%. Recurrence was comparable among the two groups. Conclusions: Nifedipine ointment showed better results than GTN ointment in chronic anal fissure regarding headache, compliance, healing and recurrence in 6 weeks of follow up period after complete healing of fissure in 8 weeks. Keywords: anal fissure; glyceryl trinitrate; nifedipine.

Background: Laparoscopy surgery trials are small and unconvincing at present and are limited to higher centers. The objective of the study is to determine the clinical features, prevalence of site of hydatid cyst and complications of this modality of this treatment. Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out in all patients with one or two hepatic hydatid cyst who underwent laparoscopic management in KMCTH from January 2013 to March 2015 were included in the study. Aspiration, deroofing and evacuation of the hydatid cyst were done.Results: Twenty six patients underwent laparoscopic management for liver hydatid cysts. Males were seven (65.38%) and females were 9(34.61%).The mean age was 35.5±13.1 years (range 21-55years.) The commonest complaint was pain and discomfort in 13(50%) patients and lump in 6(13.06%) patients. Twenty four (92.3%) patients were successfully treated with laparoscopic approach. Two (7.69%) patients had to be converted to laparotomy because of dense adhesions and bleeding. Mean operation time was 43.6±10.6 minutes. Two (7.69%) patients had port site infection. One (3.84%) patient had bile leak and no recurrence and mortality in our series. Conclusions:Laparoscopic management of liver hydatid cyst was safe and effective in selective group of patients in equipped hospital.

The best training method in laparoscopic surgery has not been defined. We evaluated the efficacy of laparoscopic skills acquisition in a short-term focused program. Two hundred fifty-six participants undergoing training on a phantom model were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 had no exposure and group 2 had performed a few laparoscopic surgeries. Acquisition of laparoscopic skills was assessed by operation time and the modified Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) scale. A questionnaire was sent to the participants after 3 to 6 months for assessment of impact of training. There was a statistically significant improvement in the assessed parameters and in the mean score of all 5 domains of GOALS. The participants in group 2 performed better than those in group 1 in the first case. The difference between both the groups disappeared after the training. Participants who responded to the questionnaire felt that training helped them in improving their performance in the operation theater.

Introduction: Safe dissection of Calot’s Triangle is important during the performance of laparascopic cholucystectomy. The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of demonstrable Rouviere’s sulcus in patients with symptomatic gall stones and its role in safe dissection in Calot’s triangle. Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study design done in Department of surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from Jan 2013 to Jan 2015. Patients who were posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. During laparoscopy, Rouviere’s sulcus was noted in the operative note and classified according to following: Type I: Open type was defined as a cleft in which the right hepatic pedicle was visualized and the sulcus was opened throughout its length. Type II: if the sulcus was open only at its lateral end. Type III If the sulcus was open only at its medial end. Type IV: Fused type was defined as one in which the pedicle was not visualized. Results: A total of 200 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during period of 2 years. Out of which Rouviere’s sulcus was visualized in 150 patients (75 %).Type I (open type) was commoner in 54%, type II in 12%, Type III in 9% and type IV (fused type) in 25%. Conclusions: Rouviere’s Sulcus is an important extra biliary land mark for safe dissection of Calot’s triangle during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Keywords: Rouviere’s Sulcus, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile duct injury.