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High-current, low-cost field emission triode using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28, C2C37 (2010); 10.1116/1.3305455 Influence of thin metal base thickness on the performance of CuPc vertical organic triodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 153509 (2007);

In this letter, the authors investigate the promising vertical-type triodes based on small organic molecules and the related hot-carrier transport. The devices show transistorlike characteristics, in which output current can be modulated by demanding different input currents on their thin metal base electrodes. By using pentacene for the channel layer material and N,N′-di(naphthalen-l-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine for the carrier energy-enhancing layer, the vertical-type hot carrier triodes exhibit a good current saturation with current gain of 2.38 for both the common-base and common-emitter configurations. The mechanism of operation is proposed and examined by the basic electrical measurements.

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On an example of the space charge limited conduction breakdown in relation to the current-voltage characteristics of a single layer metal/organic structure J. Appl. Phys.Experimental results of static and dynamic characteristics for single-layer hole-only devices based on copper phthalcyanine ͑CuPc͒ and pentacene are observed in this article. The contribution to injection currents from electrode has been investigated by varying the thickness of the organic film. From the observation of current density versus bias voltage ͑J-V͒ characteristics, it is concluded that the space-charge-limited conductivity is the dominant transport mechanism for the organic Schottky diodes. Accordingly, an increase of the organic layer thickness will increase the trapping energy level. However, even with the thin CuPc film down to 50 nm, the dynamic cut-off frequency of the device is still limited to 150 Hz. Low hole mobility and large active area of the device are responsible for the phenomenon. Dramatic enhancement of cut-off frequency up to 11 kHz can be obtained for the pentacene-based Schottky diodes.