Shoulder surgery has emerged from being a marginalised sub-speciality to being an area of much research and advancement within the last seventy years. This has been despite the complexity of the joint, and success majorly rests on parallel development of biomedical technology. This article looks at the past and present of shoulder surgery and discusses future directions in the speciality.

In 100 children (63 boys and 37 girls) aged 11.3 +/- 0.6 years ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was recorded by a semi-automatic device (Remler) 9 times per year over a period of 3 years. A sex difference in systolic BP was noted from the age of 13 years on with boys having higher values by about 6 mmHg (p less than .05). This could not be explained by differences in weight. In boys parental hypertension was associated with higher systolic values independent on age (p less than .05). Genetic and hormonal factors seem to influence BP during male puberty independently from each other.

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