Kawasan pesisir Padang merupakan salah satu kawasan andalan yang menjadi prioritas untuk dikembangkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Kawasan pesisir Pariaman - Padang merupakan daerah pantai abrasi, disusun oleh endapan alluvial berupa kerikil, pasir, dan lempung membentuk pantai lurus dan landai. Kawasan pesisir Padang – Bungus Teluk Kabung berupa pantai teluk, stabil, disusun oleh batuan volkanik membentuk bentang alam perbukitan dan pantai terjal. Abrasi terjadi di daerah telitian sebagai dampak perubahan iklim global dan aktivitas manusia (anthropogenic) seperti dampak kerusakan terumbu karang terutama terjadi di kawasan pantai Pariaman - Padang. Di Padang – Bungus Teluk Kabung sedimentasi terjadi akibat dampak perubahan rona lingkungan di kawasan hulu sungai (hinterland) yang membawa sedimen ke perairan. Mangrove dengan luasan kecil terdapat di kawasan Padang – Bungus Teluk Kabung,. Terumbu karang masih banyak dijumpai di kawasan Bungus Teluk Kabung dan sekitarnya dalam kondisi 50% rusak akibat pemboman dan perubahan kondisi air laut yang disebabkan oleh pencemaran dari limbah kapal, industri dan rumah tangga. Kandungan Logam berat Hg sebagai zat pencemar yang terdapat pada sedimen perairan Bungus Teluk Kabung mencapai 3500 ppb di atas baku mutu sedimen (410 ppb). Kandungan logam lainnya yang punya nilai ekonomis yang terdapat di daerah telitian yaitu emas, Au (4ppb – 22ppb) dan perak, Ag (1ppm – 2ppm). Kata kunci: lingkungan pantai, pencemaran, logam berat, mineral ekonomis, Pariaman, Padang, Bungus Teluk Kabung The coastal area of Padang is one of the target coastal areas that have been prioritised to be developed by the West Sumatra Government. The coastal area of Pariaman – Padang is an erosion coast of alluvial deposits consisted of gravel, sand, and clay which form straight and gentle slope beaches. The coastal area of Padang – Bungus Kabung Bay is a stable embayment coast consisted of volcanic rocks which form undulated hilly land and cliff. Erosion occurred at the research area as impact of the global climate changes and human activities (anthropogenic) for example impact of coastal reef destruction at the area of Pariaman – Padang. At the coastal area of Padang – Bungus Kabung Bay sedimentation occurred as impact of change environments in the hinterland, which transport sediment loads to the coast. Mangroves of small square areas are distributed at the coastal area of Padang – Bungus Teluk Kabung. While coral reef distributed in large area at the coast of Bungus Kabung Bay and adjacent area in 50% condition impacted from explosion and change of sea water quality due to waste disposal from boats, industries, and houses. Heavy metal content of mercury (Hg) as a toxic element in sediment of Bungus Kabung Bay reach 3500 ppb over the sediment quality standard (410 ppb). Economic native metals found at the research area are gold, Au (4ppb – 22 ppb), and silver, Ag (1ppm – 2ppm). Key words: coastal environments, pollution, heavy metals, valuable minerals, Pariaman, Padang, Bungus Teluk Kabung
The study area is fluviatile deposit which consists of yellow to light gray loose sand, iron oxide, and kaoline spreading from the land shallowing to sea direction. Concentration grade for determining of gold and silver content used a total analysis of the hot mixture HF-HNO3-HClO4 with measurements "Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry".(AAS). Highest concentration of gold and silver found at sample GCTS-31 that gold 0.096 ppm and silver 2.284 ppm, in muddy sand type sediment, at 3.1 meters depth and arround 1,250 meter length from coast line. While the lowest concentration of the gold was 0.025 ppm found at sample GBTS 14 in very fine sand type sediment located at 1.07 meter depth and approximately 320 meters length from coast line. The lowest concentration of the silver was founded at sample GBTS 25 that is 0.860 ppm in sandy mud sediment type located at 2.49 meters depth and approximately 3,000 meters length from the coast line. The gold placer is may derived from weathering of Pambuang Formation which spreads in the west and north of Sampit Bay, and transported by Mentaya River and longshore current system. Key word : sediment samples, laboratory analyses, gold, silver and Sampit Bay. Daerah penelitian merupakan endapan fluviatil terdiri dari pasir lepas berwarna kuning muda sampai abu-abu pucat, oksida besi, dan kaolin yang memiliki sebaran makin mendangkal ke arah laut. Kadar konsentrasi untuk menentukan kandungan emas dan perak menggunakan analisis total campuran HF-HNO3-HClO4 dengan metoda AAS. Analisa besar butir digunakan untuk memisahkan sedimen fraksi kasar sedangkan analisa pipet dilakukan terhadap sediment fraksi halus. Kadar emas dan perak tertinggi terdapat pada contoh GCTS -31, yaitu emas 0,096 ppm dan perak 2,284 ppm, pada jenis sedimen lumpur pasiran, di kedalaman 3,1 meter dan sekitar 1.250 meter dari garis pantai. Sedangkan kadar emas terendah yaitu 0,025 ppm terdapat pada contoh GBTS 14 pada jenis sedimen pasir sangat halus di kedalaman 1,07 meter dan sekitar 320 meter dari garis pantai. Kadar perak terendah dijumpai pada contoh GBTS 25 yaitu 0,860 ppm dengan jenis sedimen pasir lumpuran pada kedalaman 2,49 meter dan sekitar 3.000 meter dari garis pantai. Sumber emas plaser diperkirakan dari lapukan Formasi Pembuang yang memiliki sebaran cukup luas di sebelah barat dan utara Teluk Sampit dan ditransportasi oleh Sungai Mentaya dengan anak-anak sungainya, serta sistem arus memanjang pantai. Kata kunci : contoh sedimen, analisis laboratorium, emas, perak dan Perairan Teluk Sampit.
Perairan Utara Jawa Timur adalah perairan berenergi rendah yang berkaitan erat dengan akumulasi sedimen berbutir halus. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data granulometri menunjukkan sebagian besar percontohan sedimen diklasifikasikan kedalam lanau. Hasil Analisis “X-ray diffractionâ€, lanau yang secara megaskopis sebagai lempung mengandung mineral lempung jenis Haloysit; ikutannya yaitu kuarsa alfa, kalsit, feldspar, halit dan hematit. Hasil analisis mineral menunjukan haloysit ini mempunyai persentase antara 38,57-55,79 % dengan penyusunnya terlihat dari hasil analisis kimia unsur utama berupa aluminium dalam Al2O3 dan silikon dalam SiO2. Keterdapatan haloysit terbentuk secara mekanik dari pelapukan mineral aluminosilikat, seperti feldspar yang bersumber dari batuan volkanik di bagian barat dan bahan gunungapi di sebelah selatan daerah penelitian. Kata kunci : Lanau, haloysit, feldspar, perairan Utara Jawa Timur North East Java waters is a low energy waters in relation to fine grain sediment accumulation. Based on the processing results of granulometry data show the majority sample of sediment classified into silt. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis, silt megascopically described as clay which is consisted of clay mineral of halloysite type; its associations are quartz alpha, calcite, feldspar, halite and hematite. Mineral analyses results show the halloysite has percentage between 38,57 - 55,79 % with composition confirmed from major element chemical analysis which show aluminum content in Al2O3 and silicon in SiO2. The occurrence of halloysite formed through mechanical processes from surface weathering of aluminosilicate minerals, as feldspars which source from volcanic rock in the west part and from volcanic materials in the south side of the investigation area. Keywords : silt, halloysite, feldspar, Northeast Java waters.
Perairan Delta Kapuas merupakan tempat yang baik bagi akumulasinya endapan letakan asal Sungai Kapuas. Permukaan dasar lautnya ditutupi oleh sedimen pasir, pasir lanauan, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Sedimen ini mengandung logam emas (Au) dan ikutannya, yaitu perak (Ag), tembaga (Cu), timbal (Pb), seng (Zn) dan timah (Sn). Kadar terendah yaitu emas berkisar 2 - 92 ppb dan tertinggi Sn < 10 - 320 ppm. Keterdapatan emas secara lateral relatif membesar ke arah bagian hulu dan secara vertikal membesar ke bagian bawah permukaan. Keterdapatan emas dan ikutannya tersebut tidak satupun dijumpai pembawa mineral bijihnya. Namun secara kualitatif keterdapatan unsur-unsur logam ini sesuai dengan hasil analisis geokimia dari percontohan "stream sediment" dan "pan concentrate" di Sungai Delta Kapuas. Primernya diduga berkaitan dengan peristiwa Batuan Terobosan Sintang yang dijumpai secara setempat di sebelah timur daerah penelitian. Delta Kapuas Waters are a good place for placer deposits accumulation originally from Kapuas River. The seafloor sediment surface are covered by sand, silty sand, sandy silt and silt. These sediments content of gold (Au) and its associate metal, such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn). The lowest content of gold is approximately between 2 - 92 ppb and the highest content of tin is approximately between < 10 - 320 ppm. Laterally, the occurrence of gold is relatively higher to the upstream part and vertically higher to the deeper part of the sediment. The existence of gold (Au) and its associate metal as mentioned above could not be traced to its ore mineral. But qualitatively the existence of these metal elements are in accordance with the result of geochemical analysis of the stream sediments and concentrate pan samples in the Delta Kapuas river. Its primary source is anticipated relate to the Sintang intrusion event which occurred locally in eastern of research area.
Delta Mahakam mempunyai sumberdaya minyak dan gas bumi serta sumberdaya laut lainnya. Hutan mangrove di kawasan Delta Mahakam merupakan salah satu parameter kelestarian lingkungan. Pembukaan lahan mangrove Delta Mahakam untuk daerah pertambakan ikan, pemukiman, dermaga, dan industri, serta untuk alur pelayaran mengakibatkan berkurangnya tanaman mangrove, perubahan dinamika sedimentasi dan lingkungan kawasan pesisir. Kawasan yang rusak diperkirakan lebih dari 80 persen. Sekitar 20 persen dari luas sekitar 1.400 kilometer persegi, hutan mangrove yang masih baik. Ini adalah sebagai bukti Delta Mahakam mengalami proses destruktif. Sebanyak 15 contoh sedimen permukaan dan 2 contoh air permukaan diambil dari lokasi dekat dengan kegiatan industri perminyakan dan daerah hunian telah dianalisis unsur utama dan unsur logam berat. Berdasarkan analisis unsur utama dan unsur logam berat ke 15 contoh sedimen tersebut mengandung unsur silika (SiO2) >50% dan unsur air raksa (Hg) < 2000 ppb. Ke 2 contoh air mengandung unsur logam berat Cadmium (Cd) antara 0 ppb dan 54 ppb, dan Hg antara 1 ppb – 2 ppb. Merujuk pada baku mutu air laut dan baku mutu sedimen maka kualitas air laut dan sedimen Delta Mahakam masih dalam batas normal atau dikatagorikan sebagai kondisi belum tercemar. Jadi perubahan kondisi lingkungan Delta Mahakam tidak memberikan dampak terhadap kuallitas baku mutu sediment dan air secara kimiawi, Kata kunci: analisis unsur utama, analisis unsur logam berat, perubahan lingkungan, Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan Timur The Mahakam Delta has natural resources of oil and gas and other marine resources. Mangroves of the Delta Mahakam is one of an environmental indicator Deforestation of mangroves of Delta Mahakam for fishery ponds, settlements, harbor, industries, and for marine transports cause to decrease of those mangroves, changes of dynamics of sedimentation and coastal environments. Mangroves are about 80% in bad condition and whereas 20% of them are in still good condition from total areas of 1.400 km square. This indicates that the Delta Mahakam is in destructive processes. 15 samples from surfacial sediment and 2 samples from surface water taken from locations where close to oil industry fields and settlement areas were analyzed for major and heavy metal elements. According to the analyses those 15 samples, they content elements of silica (SiO2) >50% and mercury (Hg) <2000 ppb. The two samples of water content elements of cadmium (Cd) from 0 ppb – 54 ppb, and Hg from 1 ppb – 2 ppb. Referring to the standard of seawater and sediment quality the water and sediment of the Mahakam Delta are in good condition or no pollution. In fact, changes of the Mahakam Delta environmental condition do not cause impacts to the quality of seawater and sediment of the Mahakam Delta. Keywords: major element analyses, heavy metal element analyses, environmental changes, the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan
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