Artan nüfus, sanayileşme ve doğal kaynakların tahribi neticesinde karbon salınımının kritik seviyeye gelmesiyle küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği gibi küresel sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sorunların baş sorumlusu olarak havadaki zararlı gazlar ve özellikle de karbondioksit gösterilmektedir. Karbondioksitin başlıca bileşeni olan karbon toprakta, suda ve ormanlarda depolanmaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliği ile mücadele sözleşmesi gereği imza atan pek çok ülke orman alanlarında depoladığı ve havaya saldığı kirletici gazların miktarının hesaplamak durumundadır. Konu gündeme geldiğinden bu yana ormanlarda tutulan karbon miktarı; biyokütle hesabına dayanılarak hesaplanmaktadır. Ülke çapında hesaplanan ilk veriler ASAN tarafından ülkemizin de yer aldığı küresel konuma bağlı olarak iğne yapraklı ve geniş yapraklı ormanlar için ayrı ayrı geliştirilen katsayılardan yararlanılarak hesaplanırken, son dönemde ise bu veriler FRA-2010 kılavuzuna göre benzer yaklaşımla bozuk alanların ayrı bir kalem olarak hesaba dahil edilmesiyle hesaplanarak ilgili mercilere sunulmuştur. Ülkemizde orman alanlarının artması, yapısal anlamda iyileşmesi bir yana orman alanlarında tutulan karbon miktarında da çok ciddi bir artış olduğu görülmektedir. Her iki yöntem arasındaki farklılıkları göstermek isteyen bu çalışmada Artvin Orman İşletme Şefliğinde, farklı formüllerin ve katsayıların toplam karbon birikim miktarı üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, her iki yönteme dayalı olarak araştırma alanı karbon birikimi hesaplanmış önemli farklılar oluştuğu ortaya konulmuştur. Verimli ve bozuk ormanlar için farklı katsayılar kullandığında, toplam biyokütledeki karbon miktarı yaklaşık %54 daha fazla iken, orman toprağındaki karbon yaklaşık % 65 azalmaktadır.
Forest ecosystems provide a variety of environmental, economic, social and cultural goods and services crucial to sustaining human societies such as food, raw material, carbon sequestration, water purification, soil formation and habitat for millions of species. Due to excessive demand stemming from economic growth, demographic changes and individual choices, ecosystem services are under pressure and they are degraded. That is why it becomes more crucial to prevent these ecosystems and ecosystem services. In this study it is aimed to review the relationship between forest resources and ecosystem services for the Turkish forestry sector. Within this scope, after a brief examination of forest ecosystem services and the current situation of payment for ecosystem services (PES) mechanisms in Turkey, the forestry sector plans and documents are analyzed and how ecosystem services and PES mechanisms are handled in these plans and programs are evaluated. It is determined that there is no detailed purposes or actions on forest ecosystem services, their importance and PES in forestry sector plans in Turkey. Although emerging mechanisms such as PES offer good alternatives for financing forestry sector projects, Turkish forestry sector does not benefit from these resources yet already.
In countries where the state is the main owner of the forest resources, forestry activities are carried out with allocated shares from government budget resources. In order to ensure effective and efficient use of financial resources and determine whether forestry goals and targets are achieved, it is necessary to perform financial analysis of public forestry institutions. In Turkey, where the state owns majority of forests, the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) is the main responsible institution for the management of the forestry sector. This study aimed to make financial statement analysis of working capital budget of the GDF, by applying horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, trend analysis and ratio analysis. In this context, balance sheet and income statement of GDF for the period of 2015-2019 are analyzed. It is determined that in the given period, due to increase in “trade receivables”, “other receivables” and “inventories” accounts, total current assets have shown a positive trend. Also there is a steady increase in the equity, which can be considered as a positive development for the GDF. Gross sales and net sales amount doubled in the given period and, by keeping cost of sales and operating expenses under control, net profit of the GDF showed significant increase especially in last three years. Moreover, ratio analysis results revealed that GDF has capacity to satisfy its current and long-term liabilities and increased its profitability in the mentioned period.
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