Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin produced by chitin deacetylase, an enzyme that hydrolyses acetamido groups of N-acetylglucosamine in chitin. Chitosan is a natural polymer that has great potential in biotechnology and in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Commercially, it is produced from chitin via a harsh thermochemical process that shares most of the disadvantages of a multistep chemical procedure. It is environmentally unsafe and not easily controlled, leading to a broad and heterogeneous range of products. An alternative or complementary procedure exploiting the enzymatic deacetylation of chitin could potentially be employed, especially when a controlled and well-defined process is required. In this study, 20 strains of bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from different beaches of Chennai, India. Of these 20 bacterial strains, only 2 strains (S3, S14) are potent degrader of chitin and they are also a good producer of the enzyme chitin deacetylase so as to release chitosan.

Abstract:Spam email is one of the biggest issues in the world of internet. Spam emails not only influence the organisations financially but also exasperate the individual email user. This paper aims to propose a machine learning based hybrid bagging approach by implementing the two machine learning algorithms: Naïve Bayes and J48 (decision tree) for the spam email detection. In this process, dataset is divided into different sets and given as input to each algorithm. Total three experiments are performed and the results obtained are compared in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, f-measure, true negative rate, false positive rate and false negative rate. The two experiments are performed using individual Naïve Bayes & J48 algorithms. Third experiment is the proposed SMD system implemented using hybrid bagged approach. The overall accuracy of 87.5% achieved by the hybrid bagged approach based SMD system.

Plant based therapeutics play an important role in the public health care system of any nation. The plant Thevetia peruviana belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The plant have a significant place in traditional system of medicine of Central and South America and tropical Asia. A number of different classes of secondary metabolites are present in Thevetia peruviana including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, saponins etc. Several researchers had identified various pharmacological activities in different parts of the plant viz. seeds, flowers, bark, fruits, leaves. This review covers detailed ethanopharmacology, toxicology and bioactivities of Thevetia peruviana. Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-Our planet is home for enormous medicinal plants. Mankind use of medicinal plants is not new rather dates back to thousands of years. In fact, ancient man was very dependent on green plants for his day-to-day needs of medicaments. When a plant is designated as medicinal, it is implied that the said plant is useful as a drug or therapeutic agent or an active ingredient of a medicinal preparation. Recently the demand for plant based therapeutics has increased steeply because of many loopholes in modern system of medicine such as various side effects and high cost. Moreover, increasing knowledge of metabolic process and the effect of plants on human physiology has enlarged the range of application of medicinal plants. The therapeutic properties of medicinal plants are attributed owing to the presence of active principles such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins etc.Thevetia peruviana (pers) K Schum is a medicinal plant with wide array of pharmacological properties, but yet not received considerable scientific attention. The plant belongs to the family Apocynaceae and is commonly known as yellow oleander. The plant is native to Central and South America, especially Mexico, Brazil and West Indies but now frequently cultivated throughout the tropical including India and Srilanka as an ornamental plant.

The most significant issues that humans face today include a growing population, an altering climate, an growing reliance on pesticides, the appearance of novel infectious agents, and an accumulation of industrial waste. The production of agricultural goods has also been subject to a great number of significant shifts, often known as agricultural revolutions, which have been influenced by the progression of civilization, technology, and general human advancement. Sustainable measures that can be applied in agriculture, the environment, medicine, and industry are needed to lessen the harmful effects of the aforementioned problems. Endophytes, which might be bacterial or fungal, could be a successful solution. They protect plants and promote growth by producing phytohormones and by providing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Endophytes produce the diverse type of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, chinones, phenolic acids etc. and are known for various therapeutic advantages such as anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant activity. Proteases, pectinases, amylases, cellulases, xylanases, laccases, lipases, and other types of enzymes that are vital for many different industries can also be produced by endophytes. Due to the presence of all these bioactive compounds in endophytes, they have preferred sources for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. This review aims to comprehend the contributions and uses of endophytes in agriculture, medicinal, industrial sectors and bio-nanotechnology with their mechanism of action.

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