As clinicians delivering health care, we are very good at treating disease but often not as good at treating the person. The focus of our attention has been on the specific physical condition rather than the patient as a whole. Less attention has been given to psychological health and how that can contribute to physical health and disease. However, there is now an increasing appreciation of how psychological health can contribute not only in a negative way to cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also in a positive way to better cardiovascular health and reduced cardiovascular risk. This American Heart Association scientific statement was commissioned to evaluate, synthesize, and summarize for the health care community knowledge to date on the relationship between psychological health and cardiovascular health and disease and to suggest simple steps to screen for, and ultimately improve, the psychological health of patients with and at risk for CVD. Based on current study data, the following statements can be made: There are good data showing clear associations between psychological health and CVD and risk; there is increasing evidence that psychological health may be causally linked to biological processes and behaviors that contribute to and cause CVD; the preponderance of data suggest that interventions to improve psychological health can have a beneficial impact on cardiovascular health; simple screening measures can be used by health care providers for patients with or at risk for CVD to assess psychological health status; and consideration of psychological health is advisable in the evaluation and management of patients with or at risk for CVD.

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CPR has a proven role in improving survival in cardiac arrest victims, especially those who are outside the hospital. Guidelines published by the AHA have included CPR as a vital intervention for decades. The previous guidelines have focused on the maintenance of airway as the first step, there by delaying the provision of chest compressions. However, the 2010 AHA Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care corrects this by changing the A-B-C of CPR to C-A-B, acknowledging that chest compressions are the most important aspect of the cardiac arrest management.

Purpose: Apart from standard spheres of financial institutions’ performance such as asset quality, profitability, liquidity and efficiency; the study investigates the influence of non-financial factors such as governance and management. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilizes 2009 through 2018 data for the sample of commercial banks and insurance companies of Pakistan to analyze the significance of financial and non-financial information on credit rating. The study is done by employing frequently used Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). Findings: The main contribution lies including explanatory variables from various areas that have an impact on the financial position of the examined banks and insurance companies. Implications/Originality/Value: The obtained results suggest that the combined use of financial and non-financial information tends to a significant impact on credit rating.

Purpose: The current research aims to analyze the particular quagmire of endogeneity by considering panel data with the renowned challenge of limited periods. Design/Methodology/Approach: More specifically, the empirical methodology is applied to a novel sector of Telecommunications in Pakistan by analyzing the possible relationship between Operational Risk and a Telecommunication company’s financial performance. The efficacy of the results is further tested by additional tests of GMM. Operational risk in the study is proxied with three variables. Performance is measured in terms of Returns with respect to Equity holders and Total Assets. From the point of view of management, Asset utilization is also used as a proxy for financial performance. Findings: Results show a presence of a significant and a negative relationship between operational risk and management performance and returns, thereby emphasizing the importance of operational risk management for enhanced performance in light of the theory of performance frontiers introduced by Schmenner and Swink in 1998. Implications/Originality/Value: The results suggest that the focus on operational risk management should be revitalized if the firms seek improved performance and a sustainable competitive advantage.