ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL AS CIVILIZATION HABITUS INDONESIAN ISLAM. Islamic boarding school is a native and traditional Islamic education system which has been there along with the arrival of Islam in Indonesia. The existence of Islamic boarding schools as part of the Islamic teaching becomes the pulse of the development of Islam itself. Thus, the Islamic boarding school is an original education system that has formed Muslim religious and social behavior from generation to generation. Civilization and culture of society is formed by the social behaviors which have been internalized into a social structure. This behavior, according to Bourdieu, called the habitus. Habitus in this case created through the process of socialization of values that lasts longer, so it settles into a way of thinking and behavior patterns that persist in the human self. If we follow this reasoning, then Islamic boarding school is a social habitus formed in Muslim behavior patterns in social life. As habitus, Islamic boarding schools have a system of values inherited from generation to generation. In this paper, it was obtained some of the value system of education and civilization made up by the Islamic boarding schools, including modesty, the preservation of traditions, culture science, and nationalism.
Pernikahan dini memiliki implikasi yang serius pada kesehatan masyarakat. Secara global, lebih dari 650 juta wanita hidup atau satu dari lima gadis menikah sebelum 18 tahun, satu dari 20 anak perempuan menikah sebelum 15 tahun setiap harinya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pernikahan dini bagi perempuan dan populasi yang rentan terhadapnya. Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan pada database online SCOPUS, PubMed, ProQuest, dan EBSCO dengan lima kata kunci, “early marriage” OR “child marriage” AND “impact” OR “outcomes” AND “in rural areas” kemudian disaring berdasarkan publikasi khusus tahun 2012-2018, berbahasa Inggris, dan teks lengkap. Terdapat tujuh artikel asli memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa pernikahan dini meningkatkan kemungkinan kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, terminasi kehamilan, kelahiran mati, keguguran, komplikasi kehamilan atau persalinan, kesuburan tinggi, kekurangan gizi, kesehatan mental, mendapat kekerasan pasangan intim, sulit dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Akibatnya, mereka memiliki kemungkinan untuk lebih sering dan lebih awal hamil, yang dimana ini menimbulkan berbagai keluhan kesehatan baik jangka pendek bahkan jangka panjang, dalam beberapa kasus dapat mengakibatkan kematian. Kesimpulannya, terdapat banyak dampak dalam pernikahan dini. Sehingga, mencegah terjadinya pernikahan dini merupakan hal terpenting yang harus dilakukan, yaitu memberikan pendidikan seksualitas, kesehatan reproduksi, dan dampak pernikahan usia dini secara komprehensif.
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