Hazelnut is a type of plant that grows in wet and humid climatic conditions. Adverse climatic conditions result in the formation of aflatoxin in hazelnuts during the harvesting, drying, and storing processes. Aflatoxin is considered an important food contaminant, which makes aflatoxin analysis important in the international produce trade. For this reason, validation is important for the analysis of aflatoxin in hazelnuts. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important parameters in validation. In this study, the LOD and LOQ values have been determined using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) Method 991.31, which is one of the most viable high-performance liquid chromatography analysis methods in the analysis of aflatoxin in hazelnuts. Several approaches can be used to calculate LOD and LOQ values. In this study, to calculate the LOD and LOQ values, the visual evaluation (empirical) method, the signal-to-noise method, and calibration curve approaches were applied. The most appropriate approaches were compared. Our conclusion is that the visual evaluation method provided much more realistic LOD and LOQ values.

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Objective: In this study cisplatin release profile of Al 2 O 3 powders with nickel phase supportion was investigated. Swelling property, mutagenity test and FTIR analysis were achieved for characterization of powders. Methods: Different formulations of nickel supported Al 2 O 3 powders were synthesized for cisplatin release studies. Swelling ratio, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum and Ames test were investigated for the characterization of Al 2 O 3 and nickel supported Al 2 O 3 powders. In vitro cisplatin release were studied in physiological saline solution and the amount of released cisplatin was determined with spectrophotometric analysis. Results: The powders showed a swelling degree between 46-86% and swelling ratio increased with increasing Ni phase. This behaviour has been explained on the basis of the softer character of nickel phase. And the results of Ames test indicate that all powder formulations are non-mutagenic. The release of cisplatin was studied as a function of time and all formulations showed non-Fickian diffusion with n value ranged between 0.55 and 0.69. Conclusion:The nickel supported Al 2 O 3 formulations designed in this study, shows great promise as a cisplatin release material due to the favorable characteristics identified in these studies. Keywords

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In this study, the issue of whether the aflatoxin in high contaminated hazelnut has been passed to the hazelnut oil during production or not has been investigated. The oil and oil cake of the hazelnut samples that contained aflatoxin at a high level were obtained for the study. The aflatoxin concentrations in hazelnut, hazelnut oil and oil cake were measured, and how much of the aflatoxin in the hazelnut was passed into the oil and oil cake has been determined. Aflatoxin analysis was performed using AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists Method): 991.31 method, which is one of the validated method used in aflatoxin analysis in hazelnuts. The highest aflatoxin concentration in hazelnut oil has been determined as AFB1: 0.93, AFG1: 0.52, AFB2: 0.47 and AFG2: 0.21 μg kg -1 . At the end of the study, it was determined that although the hazelnuts of which the hazelnut oil was obtained contained aflatoxin at a very high level, it was passed to the oil at very low levels below the maximum limits defined by the European Union, and almost all of it remained in the oil cake. Aflatoxin in hazelnut is passed to hazelnut oil at very low amount.