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Nowadays, numerous researches have focused on the field of green nanotechnology worldwide and their various applications. The main reason is the environmental and biologically safe applications of nanoparticles. Until now, various nanoparticles have been fabricated and tested for different purposes such as energy conversion, storage, and corrosion prevention. However, conventional nanoparticle production like physical or chemical methods caused undesirable adverse effects on humans and the environment. Various biological materials have numerous advantages such as environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and abundant availability. Thanks to these advantages, green synthesis methods may have a wider field of use in the future compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the use of green materials provides significant advantages such as less usage of energy, economic and natural resources. Recently, considerable efforts have been carried out to develop novel green nanoparticles using various biological sources, and methods such as hydrothermal method, microwave-assisted method, ultra-sonication assisted method and mechano-mixing methods. In this review, we discuss the main properties of green and recent nanoparticles synthesized by green and conventional methods for using in corrosion preventions and fuel cells. In the paper, the fundamental sources of green nanoparticles and the fabrication process are addressed. The main reasons for the corrosion and the prevention of corrosion are explained. Also, the current analysis methods used to characterize the morphological and chemical properties of the recently synthesized nanoparticles are explained.

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Background: Enterobacteriaceae, the normal dwellers in the human intestine, are commonly associated with a variety of community acquired and nosocomial infections. Emerging trend of antibiotic resistance among these strains is a notable issue globally; more serious threat is the resistance against the available last resort antibiotics- the carbapenems. Objective: The objective of our study was intended to determine the burden of resistance towards common antibiotic classes, so as to address the gap of drug resistance prevalence data, among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from the health settings in this region. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done with inclusion of clinical isolates collected from varied sources, from health settings in upper Assam. The isolates were identified based on standard methods of morphology study and biochemical tests. The identified isolates were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the result interpreted as per the CLSI guidelines. The resistance of the reported carbapenem resistant isolates was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using commercial E-strip kit. Results: Among the enterobacterial isolates Klebsiella spp. accounted the majority, followed by Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp. and others. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was noted among 67.6% isolates; however, carbapenem resistance was confirmed in 18.9% of the total Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of resistance towards carbapenems, among the Enterbacteriaceae isolates of upper Assam seems to be upcoming threat to the region, limiting the treatment options in future.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus which originated in Wuhan and quickly spread across various countries has taken the form of a pandemic. It is now a major health concern among everyone and finding a solution to this problem is of utmost importance. Understanding its origin, transmission, and interaction with different compounds is essential to find probable inhibitors. Objective: The objective of our study was to search for potential inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and to access their drug-like properties. Methodology: In our study, 1909 ligands were filtered through Lipinski filter and ADMET properties along with mutagenic nature were analysed. They were screened for inhibitory activity against the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 using BIOVIA Discovery studio. Results: After virtual high throughput screening, two compounds- apigenin and N-(4-bromophenyl)-7-hydroxy-2- iminochromene-3-carboxamide were found to have promising binding energies as well as –CDOCKER energy scores compared to the reported inhibitor. Conclusion: Apigenin seems to be a potential candidate against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and must be considered for further experiments.