Micropropagation of Valeriana jatamansi Jones by using small segments of rhizome on full strength MS medium having various concentrations and combinations of auxin Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was conducted. The highest mean shoot length (3.71 cm) was achieved when media was fortified with BAP 2 mg/L in combination with NAA 1 mg/L. The highest mean leaf number i.e. 6.00 was observed when BAP was used alone at 2 mg/L. Average root length (0.77 cm) was recorded when BAP 1.5 mg/L along with NAA 0.5 mg/L was used. Maximum mean root numbers 2.57 were obtained when BAP and NAA were used at equal concentrations i.e. 1.5 mg/L. Observed data demonstrated that BAP up to 1 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 2 mg/L promotes shoot length, leaf number and leaf growth when used along with NAA at 0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L. However lower quantities of both NAA (0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L) produced significantly higher root length of Valeriana jatamansi Jones but the higher concentrations of plant growth hormones BAP (2 mg/L, 3 mg/L) and NAA (1 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L) were found unfavorable for increase in root length but the root number increases at higher concentration of NAA (1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L).

Sustainability in textile and apparel is an ideal that requires organizational effort starting from eco-design, encompassing manufacturing, distribution, and consumption. However, in the circular economy, the idea further goes to reuse the raw material. Sustainability is still an evolving subject in apparel and textile, which needs to investigate from many angles. Excess inventory at the supplier's end also impacts sustainability and needs due attention from researchers and practitioners to ponder. Applying the correct forecast technique and minimum errors results in better financial performance and reduced environmental pollution, impacting the triple bottom line in the true sense. The current study uses a systematic review on textile and apparel forecasting, highlighting the earlier research, thus contributing to the literature on sustainability and supply chain management.

With the world progressing rapidly, the supply chain of various industries globally, especially the pharmaceutical sector, has evolved rapidly. Unlike many developing countries, the global supply chains have been revolutionized using various digital technologies. However, in Pakistan, the pharmaceutical sector to be specific, although growing exponentially, still fails to provide maximum efficiency in their supply chain including minimal traceability and visibility from the company's end. This study illustrates the current scenario of the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan analyzing the gaps and potential areas for opportunities and improvements. The systematic review of literature and meta-analysis aims to provide a basis to understand the current challenges faced by the companies and help formulate a framework to provide a basis for the implementation of the most suited digital technology such as block chain or QR code to encounter and minimize the counterfeit of drugs, increase traceability and streamlining the processes and entities involved in the supply chain.

Increasing sustainability is the objective in all manufacturing and service sectors. For the increasing sustainability via circular economy, the research at hand reviews reverse logistics within the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. It proposes a recommendation to improve the current process of recycling medicines. The methodology is a qualitative method comprising unstructured interviews with an esteemed organization and observations to understand the dynamics of recycling and reverse logistics in drugs. The study helps develop and illustrates a framework divided into three stages (Distributor/Hospitals in 1st Tier, Whole sellers in 2nd Tier, Retailers and Customer in 3rd Tier) to target the customers and bring them into reverse logistics. The paper recommends policy implications to help improve the situation and initiate a sustainable practice for the environment and cost-efficient, including steps wise phases to gauge consumers for recycling medicines.