The study of the thermodynamic properties provides the knowledge of the sorbent affinity by the water and the spontaneity of the sorption process, important to design drying equipment and to predict hygroscopic behavior during storage. This work aimed to determine and evaluate isotherms of hygroscopic equilibrium and thermodynamic properties for different equilibrium conditions (water contents and temperatures) in sunflower seeds, using the indirect static method. Sunflower seeds with initial water content of 0.164 (decimal, dry basis - d.b.) were used. Fifteen mathematical models were tested for hygroscopic equilibrium modeling, and the Smith model presented the best fit. It was verified that the thermodynamic properties were influenced by the water content, the integral isosteric desorption heat increased with the decrease of the equilibrium water content, ranging from 1.787 to 2.670 kJ kg-1 to 0.198 to 0.0518 (decimal, d.b.), respectively, the desorption process of the sunflower seeds was controlled by the enthalpy and the Gibbs free energy, which varied from 3.6363 to 200.1730 kJ kg-1, was positive for the temperatures studied, with increase to during the desorption process, proving to be a non-spontaneous process.

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RESUMO:O café é um produto agrícola que tem seu valor de mercado ajustado de acordo com a qualidade final da bebida, que pode ser influenciada por vários fatores, tais como: fatores ambientais e variedade. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da orientação da encosta da montanha, altitude e variedade da planta, sobre a qualidade potencial dos cafés produzidos na região das Matas de Minas (entre altitudes que variam de 600 a 1200 m). Frutos de café (Coffea arabica) das variedades "Catuaí Vermelho" e "Catuaí Amarelo", provenientes de 14 municípios da região, foram colhidos manualmente no ponto de maturação fisiológica, os quais foram processados, beneficiados e armazenados. Em seguida foram feitas análises descritivas qualitativas por Juízes Certificadores, pelo teste de degustação segundo critérios da Brazil Specialty Coffee Association. Por meio da análise sensorial da bebida, foram atribuídas notas aos atributos de qualidade dos cafés objetivando classificá-los de acordo com a influência dos fatores do ambiente e da variedade. Para análise das notas foi adotada a "Estatística Descritiva" e o "Método de Tocher". A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que os fatores ambientais e a variedade não exercem influência sobre a qualidade da bebida de forma isolada, todavia, contribuem de forma conjunta para formar as características da bebida produzida na região. A maior pontuação média foi obtida pela combinação de fatores, variedade "Catuaí Amarelo" estrato de altitude abaixo de 700 m e encosta Noruega da montanha, mostrando grande potencial de expressão da qualidade sensorial da bebida. Termos para indexação:Coffea arabica, análise sensorial, qualidade da bebida, terroir, fatores ambientais. Vermelho" and "Catuaí Amarelo" (Coffea arabica) ENVIRONMENT AND VARIETY INFLUENCE ON COFFEE QUALITY OF "MATAS DE MINAS" ABSTRACT: Coffee is an agricultural product that has its adjusted market value according to the final quality of the drink, which can be influenced by many factors, such as environmental factors and variety. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of the mountain side orientation and coffee variety on the potential quality of the coffee produced in the region of "Matas de Minas" (within altitudes ranging from 600 to 1200 m above the sea level). Coffee fruits of "Catuaí

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Intensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.