Chronic pain is experienced by the majority of patients with renal insufficiency. Pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease is difficult because a significant part of painkillers is excreted through the kidneys, therefore side effects are more common among this population. The aim of this review is to draw attention to the available pain management options in patients with CKD based on an analysis of published articles. The following article is based on the literature found in the pubmed database. Treatment should include pharmacological, non-pharmacological methods and treatment of comorbidities, whereas patients should be carefully monitored for side effects and possible complications. More research is needed in this area.

Pain is a common symptom reported by patients during procedures of aesthetic medicine and cosmetic dermatology. Effective analgesia affects not only patient’s satisfaction and comfort, but also effectiveness of the treatment. The variety of available methods of anesthesia enables individualized analgesia depending on the type of surgery and patient’s preferences. The purpose of this article is to present the current and available methods of anesthesia in aesthetic medicine and cosmetic dermatology as a response to the intensive development of this field of medicine. The article below is based on our own observations and the literature found in the pubmed database.

Introduction and purpose Due to the growing tendency to diagnose obesity in patients, scientists are trying to find drugs that facilitate weight reduction.  An example of such a formulation is the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide. The following article is an analysis of the current knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of obesity treatment with semaglutide based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. State of knowledge The main mechanism of semaglutide is based on a stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, and inhibition of glucagon from alpha cells, inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and reduction of energy consumption with minimal impact on energy expenditure. In clinical trials, it showed the best results compared to placebo and other drugs used in weight reduction. Participants treated with semaglutide achieved a reduction in waist circumference, improvements in blood pressure parameters, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and CRP protein, and increased HDL cholesterol levels. Semaglutide is well tolerated by patients, and its main side effects come from the gastrointestinal tract, including nausea, emesis, diarrhea. Summary The analysis of the latest publications and meta-analyzes of the literature shows that the use of semaglutide is safe and effective in the treatment of obesity. The positive effect of semaglutide on weight reduction also contributes to the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular events and other obesity-related complications. It is also well tolerated by patients, which translates into possible longer use, and weekly subcutaneous injections are not burdensome for patients. Key words: semaglutide; obesity; GLP-1 analogue; overweight

The use of the KTP 532 nm vascular laser in the treatment of erythema and telangiectasia caused by low temperature exposure - case report. A case report. The paper presents a case of effective treatment of frostbite vascular lesions in the face with the use of a 532nm KTP laser in a 55-year-old man with a long history of skin exposure to low temperatures. Aim. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the possibility of using laser therapy in the treatment of skin disorders that are a complication of exposure to low temperatures. In the article below, we present the reduction of vascular lesions of the facial skin during a series of laser treatments with the use of the 532nm laser, meeting the growing interest of patients and doctors in the use of laser therapy in the treatment of skin vascular lesions. Conclusions. The use of laser therapy with the KTP 532nm laser can be an important and effective element in the treatment of skin vascular lesions.

Melasma is an acquired, chronic skin pigmentation disorder that affects mainly women and can significantly affect the quality of life and self-esteem of patients. Many therapeutic procedures have been described in the literature, nevertheless the disease is difficult to treat. A case report. The paper presents a case of successful laser treatment in a 44-year-old woman with a long history of facial skin discoloration of the type of melasma. The patient was treated with combined laser therapy in the area of ​​facial discoloration with a picosecond laser and a thulium laser. Aim The aim of this study is to draw attention to the possibility of using laser therapy in the treatment of melasma-type skin hyperpigmentation. In this article, we describe a case of brightening of a melasma-type discoloration during a single laser treatment combining the use of a 1064nm picosecond laser and a 1927nm thulium laser, in order to meet       interests of patients and physicians in the use of laserotherapy in the treatment of discoloration, especially in patients who do not tolerate well the side effects of pharmacological therapies. Conclusions. The use of laser therapy, with particular emphasis on the picosecond and thulium laser, can be an important and effective element in the treatment of melasma-type hyperpigmentation of the skin.