Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a major gynaecological problem accounting for 33% of Gynaec outpatients. The cause of the bleeding is established in only 50-60% of the cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the various histopathological patterns in the endometrial biopsy of patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and to determine the specific pathology in the different age groups.Methods: This was a prospective study done in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 2 years. Total of 905 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in the study and they were subjected to a Dilatation and Curettage. Histopathological examination of the endometrial biopsy was done and the various histopathological patterns identified and classified.Results: The age of patients ranged from 24-74 years. 54.7% were in the age group 40-49 years followed by 23.4% in the age group 30-39 years. The most frequent findings were proliferative findings in 47.3% followed by secretory endometrium in 16.1 % patients. Proliferative endometrium was more common in the age group 40-49 years as also disordered proliferation, secretory endometrium, cystoglandular hyperplasia and endometrial hyperplasia.Conclusions: Endometrial curettings and biopsy is an important diagnostic procedure for assessing all cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and to plan for successful management.

Women with raised uric acid in pregnancy are interlinked with more incidence of unfavourable outcomes in pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus. The study aims at testing the hypothesis that elevated uric acid in first trimester of pregnancy is associated with subsequent development of gestational diabetes.: All pregnant women less than 12 weeks were included in this study after informed consent. Blood samples were collected for serum uric acid analysis and all these patients were followed up with oral glucose tolerance test at twenty-four to twenty-eight weeks of gestation.The mean age of pregnant women was 29.84 ± 4.94 years. The mean height and weight was 151.52 ± 7.49 cms and 50.60 ± 6.88 kg respectively. The body mass index of patients was 22.13 ± 3.31 kg/m.The mean gestational age of pregnant women was 11.14 ± 1.30 weeks. The mean uric acid level was 3.81 ± 1.24 mg/dl. In this study the p value was 0.018 using chi-square test which was significant. Hyperuricemia in first trimester is a reliable marker for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in later pregnancy.

Background: Vertical transmission of infection from mother to infants is a very important route of transmission of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women usually goes undetected. The hepatitis B surface antigen in serum is the first seromarker to indicate active HBV infection. This study was done to determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg in healthy asymptomatic antenatal women.Methods: It was a hospital based study over a period of two years. A total of 1282 antenatal patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen.Results: The prevalence rate of HBsAg was found to be 1.01 %( 13 positive out of 1282 cases). Highest prevalence was in age group 26-30(46%) followed by age group 31-35(30.8%) followed by age group 20-25 yrs (23.1%).Conclusions: Screening of all pregnant women for HBV irrespective of risk factors will reduce the prevalence and risks of HBV infection.

Background: Carcinoma of cervix is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and most common female cancer in India. Most cervical cancers can be detected at pre-invasive state with an adequate screening and treated, preventing overt progression to invasive cancer and hence decreasing morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the histopathological diagnosis of cervix biopsy in unhealthy cervix and to determine the incidence of the various precancerous and cancerous lesions.Methods: It was a prospective study in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. 802 women with unhealthy cervix were included in the study. Punch biopsy was taken from the cervix and sent for histopathological examination.Results: Total of 802 women were included in the study. They were in the age group of 26-75years. 53.4% were in the age group of 40-49 years followed by 20% in the age group of 30-39 years. The most common finding was chronic cervicitis in 89.4% followed by CIN I in 4.1%, CIN II in 0.9% of patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 2.1% and endocervical carcinoma in 0.4%.Conclusions: Cancer cervix is an ideal malignancy for screening, can be detected early and the premalignant lesion can be treated to prevent the progress to invasive disease. Hence all women with unhealthy cervix should be subjected to punch biopsy to detect early cases of cancer & carcinoma in situ.

Background: Cervical polyps are the commonest cervical lesions and occur in about 2-5% of women. It is common practice to remove these polyps whenever they are identified and the main reason for this is the concern over the potential for malignant transformation. This study was done to analyse the spectrum of histopathological diagnosis in cases of cervical polyps and to identify focus of malignancy if present. This would help us to improve further management of cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic cervical polypsMethods: This study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of two years. Women with a polypoidal growth from the cervix visualized on per speculum examination were included in the study. Polypectomy was done and the specimen sent for histopathological examination and the data analysed.Results: Total of 107 women was included in the study. Most of the women (47.7%) were in the age group 40-49 years. Endocervical mucous polyp was found to be the most common lesion (50.5%) followed by benign endometrial polyp (21.5%), and leiomyomatous polyp in 13.1%. There were no foci of malignancy identified in any of these polyps.Conclusions: As the incidence of malignancy in endocervical polyp is very low, it is suggested that in cases of asymptomatic polyps, there is a role for expectant management with no intervention and these patients can be followed up leading to significant savings in health resources