Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran yang dilakukan orang tua terhadap tumbuh kembang anak selama pandemic covid 19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus melalui wawancara. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis tematik. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 34 ibu rumah tangga dari berbagai profesi. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Cibolang kaler, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa permasalahan yang dihadapi orang tua adalah keterbatasan perangkat untuk pembelajaran daring, Koneksi internet tidak stabil, Kesibukan orang tua, Informasi yang tidak sampai, kebosanan anak selama pembelajaran daring. Adapun solusi yang bisa diterapkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, meningkatkan pemahaman peran orang tua dalam tumbuh kembang anak, perlu model pembelajaran inovatif untuk pembelajaran daring, sekolah melaksanakan pembelajaran lewat tatap muka dan segera dilakukan vaksinasi

School management can be interpreted as everything related to the management of the educational process in order to achieve the goals that have been set, both short, medium, and long-term goals. The purpose of this study is to determine school management in improving the quality of education, including: (1) School program planning; (2) Implementation of school programs and (3) Obstacles they face. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, data collection techniques are carried out through interview guidelines, observation guidelines, and documentation studies. The subject of the study was the principal of Bojonggaling Elementary School. The results of his research found: (1) School program planning includes: teaching programs, including: the needs of teachers for the distribution of teaching tasks, procurement of textbooks, teaching aids and teaching aids, procurement or development of school laboratories, procurement or development of school libraries, learning outcomes assessment systems, and curricular activities; (2) The implementation of school programs, namely strategies implemented to achieve improvement in the quality of education, including: program socialization, SWOT analysis, problem solving, quality improvement, and monitoring and evaluation of school program implementation; and (3) Barriers to school program planning, including lack of community participation and economic hardship, resulting in low support for school management. It is hoped that the supervisor will be able to direct and supervise the principal in improving the quality of education about school program planning, program implementation and the obstacles he faces in an appropriate, effective and efficient manner so that the quality of education in the school can be improved.

Abstract-Inclusive education is an education servicesystem that provides opportunities for all children to study together in a public school with attention to diversity and individual needs. Educational services for Special Needs Children are done by shadow teachers. But in the handling of inclusive schools many problems faced by shadow teachers. The purpose of this research is to know the problem of social interaction shadow teachers in handling the children with special needs in SDN of Gadang 2 Banjarmasin. The approach used in this research is qualitative approach with case study research type. Sources of data in this study are shadow teachers of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 SDN of Gadang 2 Banjarmasin, and secondary data sources are documentation, observation. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use interactive analysis. The results of the study indicate that (1) shadow teachers in grades 1, 2 and 3 already understand the meaning of inclusive education (2) shadow teachers do not perform their duties and roles well, such as the absence of individualized education program (IEP) between regular teachers with shadow teachers in determining teaching materials, but there has been progressing reports of the development of students with special needs at the end semester. (3) Coordination of shadow teachers and regular teachers in dealing with special needs students is lacking, as shadow teachers are excluded from the identification and assessment process. The implementation of a flexible curriculum is not realized, because of the lack of knowledge of shadow teachers about the curriculum that suits the needs of learners.

Indonesia is a developing country that is often affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, especially US Dollar. This condition is the effect of the government policies that implement the floating exchange rate system since August 14, 1977. The aims of this study are to know the development and to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables on the Rupiah exchange rate against US Dollar in 2008-2014. The method which used in this study is descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that during 2008-2014, the variables of inflation, interest rate (BI rate) of Indonesia's balance of payments, and exports fluctuated, while the variable of PDB tended to increase. Other results show that interest rates and gross domestic product have a positive effect on the exchange rate of Rupiah against US Dollar, whereas the inflation and exports have a negative effect. Meanwhile, Indonesia's balance of payments does not significantly affect the Rupiah against US Dollar.

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