Background: This study assesses the feasibility of producing hyperimmune anti-COVID-19 intravenously administrable immunoglobulin (C-IVIG) from pooled convalescent plasma (PCP) to provide a safe and effective passive immunization treatment option for COVID-19. Materials & methods: PCP was fractionated by modified caprylic acid precipitation followed by ultrafiltration/diafiltration to produce hyperimmune C-IVIG. Results: In C-IVIG, the mean SARS-CoV-2 antibody level was found to be threefold (104 ± 30 cut-off index) that of the PCP (36 ± 8.5 cut-off index) and mean protein concentration was found to be 46 ± 3.7 g/l, comprised of 89.5% immunoglobulins. Conclusion: The current method of producing C-IVIG is feasible as it uses locally available PCP and simpler technology and yields a high titer of SARS-CoV-2 antibody. The safety and efficacy of C-IVIG will be evaluated in a registered clinical trial (NCT 04521309).

The commonest malignant thyroid lesion was papillary carcinoma. Thyroid cancer was more com- mon in females. Papillary, medullary and follicular carcinomas were found in patients in the third and fourth decades of life, while poorly and undifferentiated carcinomas were diagnosed from the fifth to seventh decades of life.

Background A group of genetically altered cells that have not transformed into a clinical or histologically identifiable state of malignancy but contains a higher risk of transforming into one is known as the field of cancerization. Numerous molecules are being investigated for their significance in the development of this phenomenon. One such protein of this family is Kaiso also known as ZBTB33 (Zinc Finger and BTB Domain containing 33). This protein belongs to the POZ-ZF family of transcription factors and may have functional tasks similar to its other siblings such as the growth and development of vertebrates and the pathogenesis of neoplastic diseases. Nevertheless, its role in the pathogenesis, progression, epithelial mesenchyal transition and field cancerization in case of oral cancer still needs exploration. Hence, this study was designed to explore the expressional differences between the mucosa of controls and those diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Soft tissue samples were obtained from the main tumor, tumor periphery and opposite buccal mucosa of 50 oral cancer patients, whereas normal mucosa was taken from 50 volunteers undergoing elective tooth removal. The acquired samples were subjected to Immunohistochemical exploration for expression of Kaiso and E-Cadherin. The expression was measured using Image-J IHC profiler and summed as Optical density. The Optical density values were then subjected to statistical analysis. Results Results revealed a significant differential expression of Kaiso between the mucosal tissues taken from oral cancer patients and controls ( p -value: < 0.0001), showing almost 50% down-regulation of Kaiso in all three tissue samples taken from oral cancer patients as compared to normal mucosa. Conclusion Kaiso has a significant difference of expression in the mucosa of oral cancer patients as compared to the mucosa of normal patients, making it a probable contributor to disease pathogenesis and field cancerization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10014-7.

Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE), a rare pathological subtype of ependymoma which shows predilection for middle-aged adults between third and fifth decades of life. It is a benign tumor that primarily occurs at filum terminale of spinal cord with a rare possibility to metastasize to the brain. Primary intracranial MPEs have been reported only rarely. Two-year-old child presented with a space-occupying lesion in fourth ventricle. Based on clinical and radiological findings, particularly owing to patient's age differential diagnosis of medulloblastoma was considered. Biopsy followed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis yielded diagnosis of primary intracranial myxopapillary ependymoma. In conclusion, MPEs can occur anywhere in intracranial space and in any age group. Despite their indolent behavior, their metastatic potential necessitates thorough investigation to rule out former before establishing diagnosis of primary intracranial MPE.

Objective: To evaluate weight changes on the liver of male (albino wistar) rats induced by erythromycin. To assess the outcome of aqueous Neem leaf extract on erythromycin induced hepatic injuries. Methodology: Eighty male albino wistar rats were taken randomly and were divided into 4 groups of 20 animals each. Group A as a control group. Group B rats were treated with erythromycin drug. Group C rats were treated with erythromycin along with Aqueous Neem leaves extract. Group D were given only Aqueous Neem leaves extract. Body weight of animals was recorded initially and also after experimentation. After 14 days animals were sacrificed, liver weight was also recorded. Results: The liver of erythromycin treated animals group B were little bigger in size and more reddish. However erythromycin plus Neem treated animals of group C livers were almost like liver of control group A and only Neem given group D animals, liver were exactly same appearance like control group A.Rise in absolute and relative weight of liver was because of drug toxicity. Conclusion: Its established from this recent study that Aqueous Neem leaves extract being a powerful antioxidant, decreased oxidative stress and hepatic injury caused by erythromycin.