Background: Around the globe acid peptic disease and its potential complications are among the major cause of morbidity and is a significant burden on health system. Till now the main stay of treatment are the pharmaceutical agents which decrease the secretion of acid. But these have potential complications and tolerability issues. Among such plants one is Acacia catechu commonly available in India and Pakistan.Methods: This experimental study involved 48 albino rats that were divided into four groups. Group A, B, C, and D were given water, 100mg aspirin, 100 mg aspirin+ 250 mg Acacia catechu and 100 mg aspirin+500 mg Aacacia catechu respectively, and were sacrificed on day 3, 7 and 14th day of study and observed for changes.Results: Difference between blood vessels in subgroup B1 and subgroup C1 with subgroup D1 was statistically significant (p=0.05) and (p=0.001). Group C1 and D1 had normal vessels in mucosa and submucosa. However, dilatation of blood vessels was noted in both groups receiving Acacia catechu along with ASA.Conclusions: Aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu stem and bark showed significant anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities by increasing blood flow to the stomach.

Background: Medical education is one ofthe toughestcourse worldwide in the education system. Medical students have academic and non-academic problems that can influence their academic performance, Aim: To study the effect of counselling and guidance on the academic performance of medical students through students’ perceptions. Study design: Cross sectional Method: The study was conducted on 3rd year MBBS students of Azra Naheed Medical College Lahore, medical students were divided into two groups (A&B) on the basis of their academicperformance during the year 2021-2022 in professional and module examination. A Google form was developed by the authors of thisstudy which consisted of 13 questionsregarding the perception of students about the effect of counselling and guidance onmultiple factors affecting their academic performance. The form was posted in two official WhatsApp groups (A&B) of the class. In group A, students with good performance and high achievers were included andin group B average and failed students were included. Results: The findings show that the 40 students from group A and 42 students from group B responded to the questionnaire. A higher percentage of students belonging to both groupsresponded positively regarding the role of faculty counselling and guidance in hectic medical study schedules, preparation of professional exams, time management, social, domestic, attendanceissues and overall academic performance. 97.5% of students from group A & 100% of students from group B responded positively to question 12 about Career Counselling of medical students in medical colleges, 97.50% correlation was found in both groups. The result showed that students belonging to good academic performance and students who were average & with low academic performance responded positively to support the role of faculty members. Practical implication: Student counselling plays an important role in medical education. This study showed that positive response of medical students towards student counselling and academic guidance. Need of career counselling is also highlighted by students which raises the question of development of student counselling department in every medical institute. Conclusion: It has been found that there is an important role of faculty members in solving the academic &non-academic problems of students. In a recent study, students have recognised the supportive role of faculty members in the improvement of their academic performance through theirguidance and counselling. Keywords: Academic performance, counselling, guidance, faculty members, medical education, student perception

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Background: Conventional teaching methodology for subject of Anatomy by use of cadaver is becoming obsolete because of unavailability of cadaver to the medical institutes. Anatomy is an important subject in basic medical sciences, thus need to be taught in depth in early year of medical curriculum. As availability of cadavers for teaching Anatomy has become extremely difficult. Aim: To evaluate students’ opinion on the use of the Anatomage 3 D virtual dissection table as an additional teaching tool to cadaver dissection in studying anatomy and understanding the relations of structures. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was held at the department of Anatomy Azra Naheed Medical College. An electronic questionnaire was given to 2nd year MBBS students in which 6 questions regarding opinion of students who were taught through cadaveric specimen & 3D Anatomage table, regarding use of 3D Anatomage for active learning of anatomy topics. Results: Present study showed that the most of the students preferred using 3D Anatomage for learning anatomy as it enhances active learning. 80.4% responded positively in developing deeper understanding of the topic with use of Anatomage table as compared to conventional teaching. 89.5% responded positively to visualize better the anatomical features of different parts of body with the help of anatomage table. 81.7% responded positively regarding use of Anatomage table in active learning and in developing interest in subject of Anatomy. Conclusion: Students consider the use of the anatomage table, an effective teaching tool for gross anatomy, for visualizing anatomical relation of different parts of the body, for deeper understanding and active learning of Anatomical features, and in developing interest in the subject of Anatomy. Students can incorporate digital anatomy into the learning and teaching of basic medical science. The use of 3DAnatomage table gives the impression to have an important role in Medical education Keywords: Anatomage Virtual dissection table, Traditional dissection, Learning anatomy, 3D interactive anatomage table.

Background: Aspirin is amongst the most widely used drugs and has many adverse effects on gastric mucosa. Anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia catechu have been established already. Objective was to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of albino rats and to assess the protective effect of different doses of Acacia catechu.Methods: Experimental study Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for 21 days. Forty-eight adult albino rats, both males and female, were divided into four groups A, B, C and D randomly; each comprising of 12 rats. Group A was control, group B was given aspirin 100 mg/kg and group C and D were given aspirin 100 mg/kg along with Acacia catechu 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively by oral route. The rats from individual group were sacrificed on 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day and stomachs were examined under light microscope to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.Results: Gross and microscopic findings on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar. Control groups A1, A2 and A3 showed normal healthy gastric mucosa and the least number of inflammatory cells. In group B, aspirin produced ulcerations and linear breaks; with highest inflammatory infiltrates. On microscopic examination, numerous inflammatory cells were noted. Group C and D rats had minimum ulcer index and fewer inflammatory cells.Conclusions: Acacia catechu has protective role against gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation.