Inadequate attention is paid to the preparation of quality illustrations for scientific publications on traumatology and orthopaedics. Review of the quality of 1221 pictures in three typical journals shows that the majority of patients’ photographs are made against the bad background, with presence of foreign objects, and the photos are made from the angle that does not allow making a reliable picture of function restoration. X-ray examination results and intraoperative photographs are not without disadvantages. Recommendations that can considerably improve the quality of the presenting illustrations and its informational content are given.

Purpose of the study. Based on the analysis of case histories to determine ways to improve the results of treatment of patients with hip fracture and reduce duration of rehabilitation period. Material and methods. From 2012 to 2018 in the emergency department of traumatology of the Sklifosovsky Clinical and Research Institute for Emergency Care were treated 865 patients with a hip fracture. For analysis of these patients they were divided into 2 groups. The control group consisted of patients who were treated from 2012 to 2016 - 569 patients. The main group - 296 patients treated from 2017 to 2018. Results. Preoperative hospital stay in the main group was reduced in the 2-fold. The number of non-operated patients was reduced by 2 times. It was increased in the number of hip arthroplasty from 46.3% to 53.0%. It reduces the average time of operation in bipolar arthroplasty from 65 to 48 minutes, in total arthroplasty - from 89 to 63 minutes. It reduces the average blood loss during arthroplasty from 626 ml to 277 ml. The preoperative thrombosis of the lower limbs was detected in 9% of primary and 15% of the control group. Number of bedsores decreased from 2.5% to 1.7% and reduced mortality from 3.3% to 1.3%. Conclusion. All patients with a suspected fracture of the proximal femur, regardless of age, should be admitted and examined. Indications for surgery are vital. The purposes of the examination of the patient are identifying ways to quickly patient's condition compensation. For the prevention of thromboembolic complications is necessary to perform venous ultrasound before and after the operation. Detection of floating thrombus in the veins of the lower extremities before surgery is an indication for surgical prophylaxis of thromboembolism. Diagnosing floating thrombus up to 5 cm in the postoperative period may be an indication for conservative treatment. Such measures as multimodal analgesia with combination of non-steroidal and opioid analgesics before and after operation, patient-controlled analgesia in the postoperative period, high volume surgical wound infiltration with a solution of local anesthetic during surgery allows to activate the operated patients for 1-2 days after hip replacement. Reducing the duration of the operation leads to reduction of blood loss during the arthroplasty by improving the surgical technique and intravenous tranexamic acid infusion.

ABSTRACT. Shoulder dislocations are among the most common injuries and occupy the first place among all dislocations of limbs. Currently, the conventional approach to the treatment and diagnosis of this pathology is preserved. The closed reduction is performed under local anesthesia, the limb is immobilized with a bandage sling. There is no single opinion on the period of immobilization. Common indications for surgical treatment are unreduced, habitual and open shoulder dislocations. The preference is given to operations with the restoration of anatomy, while at the end of the last century, techniques were often used to limit the amplitude of movements in the shoulder joint. Currently unphysiological reconstruction methods are not favourable, since they violate the normal biomechanics of the shoulder joint and do not directly affect the pathological substrate of damage. Outcomes after arthroscopic options for operations are not inferior to those after open interventions. This article provides an overview of clinical and radiological methods for examining patients and treatment options for this pathology.

The main method of surgical treatment of patients with post-traumatic disorders of bone regeneration is the use of bone grafting. Until now, the optimal plastic material has been a bone autograft, which use involves additional trauma to the patient. Alternative materials that are used for grafting have only an osteoconductive effect, of varying effectiveness. To optimize the properties of plastic materials, giving them an osteostimulating effect, they can be used in combination with biologically active substances. A source of biologically active substances can be platelet-rich plasma, platelet lysate and red bone marrow. This literature review includes a description of three main methods to stimulate osteogenesis. The first part examines the mechanism of action of platelet-rich plasma, indications and contraindications for its use, describes the results of treatment when platelet-rich plasma is used to stimulate osteogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma is a product of a human native blood obtained by centrifugation. The output is a high concentration of platelets in a small volume of plasma, which contain growth factors and cytokines that have a direct effect on the regeneration process. Local platelet-rich plasma therapy is performed to stimulate osteogenesis. Autologous platelet-rich plasma with growth factors contained in α-granules of platelets is injected into an allogeneic graft or into a fracture zone. The aim of this article is to summarize the results of treatment using platelet-rich plasma to improve bone regenerative potential in orthopaedics.

Background. The preferred treatment for intra-articular displaced fractures is open reduction and internal fixation. The need to obtain a better visualization of the fracture geometry made it necessary to develop a large number of new approaches and their modifications.Material and methods. The study included 186 patients with an intra-articular fracture of the distal humerus, who underwent plate osteosynthesis using the standard technique. The main group included 112 patients who were operated on using ETTA. The comparison group included 74 patients with a similar type of fracture, who were operated on using chevron olecranon osteotomy. The groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, mechanism of injury, and nature of the fracture. Long-term results were evaluated in 186 patients (minimum follow-up period – 12 months).Results. Comparative analysis revealed that the time of surgery was reduced by an average of 20 minutes (p=0.03) in the main group. The immediate and medium-term results were assessed according to the data of physical examinations, control radiography, dynamics of the increase in the amplitude of motion in the elbow joint. The results were comparable. When assessing complications, the migration of fixators was detected in 5.5% in the main group and 16% in the comparison group. In the comparison group, failure of union of the olecranon after osteotomy, migration of wires with skin perforation, and reactive bursitis were observed.Conclusion. 1. The extended transtriceps approach provides good visualization for fixing fractures of the distal humerus. 2. Evaluation of treatment results confirms that osteosynthesis using this access allows to reduce the time and trauma of the operation, to avoid complications associated with osteotomy of the olecranon, and to carry out successful postoperative rehabilitation, achieving good functional results.