The purpose of the study was to analyze rectal resection outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of 251 patients with stage cT3–4aN0–2M0 rectal cancer, who underwent transperitoneal resections of the rectum with mesorectumectomy from 2015 to 2020, was carried out. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 90 years. Considering the extent of rectal tumor spread, 143 (56.9 %) patients underwent neoadjuvant prolonged conformal radiation therapy or chemoradiotherapy.Results. The failure of the colorectal anastomosis was observed in 11 (4.4 %) patients, repeated surgery was performed in 8 (72.7 %) patients (Grade C). During the follow-up, disease progression was detected in 58 (23.1 %) patients, tumor recurrence in the rectum occurred in 2 (0.8 %) patients, and distant metastases were found in 56 (22.3 %) patients. Statistical analysis showed that the parameters, such as the age, localization of the tumor in the rectum, tumor grade and T stage did not significantly affect the disease progression. A statistically significant relationship between the disease progression and pN2 stage was revealed. Patients with pN2 stage were 4.1 times more likely to have disease progression. The 75th percentile survival time was51.2 months. Patients with pN2 stage had a 3.6-fold increase in the risk of lethal outcome.Conclusion. The study demonstrated good oncological and surgical outcomes in the treatment of stage II–III rectal cancer with high survival rates. Resection of the rectum in patients with rectal cancer is a safe and predictable surgical procedure accompanied by a low incidence of anastomotic leaks and disease recurrence. The pN2 stage in rectal cancer patients significantly worsened the oncologic outcomes and survival of patients.

The Biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology is a multi-layered infrastructure with large collections of biological samples, complemented by extensive and well-annotated clinical and pathological patient data, including medical images, pathological histology, and molecular analysis of biosamples. To date, the biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology contains collections of primary and immortalized cancer cell lines of human origin. The collection of primary cell lines was formed from samples of postoperative material taken during the removal of tumors of various localizations (breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer). All cell lines underwent internal quality control for contaminants (exogenous viruses, mycoplasmas and bacterial L-forms), viability and were cultivated without antibiotics. On the basis of the collected samples, a significant number of projects in the field of biomedicine were carried out, the results of which are described in this article.

The aim. To study the toxicity of 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone in vitro and in vivo.Materials and methods. 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone was synthesized using a method for expanding the o-quinone cycle during the reaction between 5-nitro-2,6,8-trimethyl4-chloroquinoline and 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone while boiled in dioxane. An in vitro experiment was carried out in the human A549 cell line. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay by reducing the optical density of the experimental samples compared with the control ones. Acute toxicity was studied on 20 BALB/c Nude male mice. The test compound was administered once orally as a suspension in 1% starch gel at three doses: 0.0055 (group 1), 0.055 (group 2) and 0.55 mg / g (group 3). The control group (group 4) received a placebo.Results. We synthesized a new compound, 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone. Its structure was established by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The yield was 19.8 g (52%), the melting point was 205–207 ºС, bright yellow crystals (benzene) were observed. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone was 0.21 ± 0.01 μM, which was significantly lower (р < 0.05) than the IC50 of cisplatin (3.84 ± 0.23). Following the in vivo experiment, no toxic effect of tropolone was detected when administered once at a dose of 0.0055, 0.055, and 0.55 mg / g. Conclusion. 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone demonstrated cytotoxic effects on the A549 cell line at a lower IC50 than cisplatin which is widely used in treatment of cancers, including lung cancer. Insolubility of 2-(6,8-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-chloroquinoline-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone in water and the absence of its toxic effect in the studied modes determine the scope of its application for further study of cumulative and antitumor effects.

Development of personalized approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer (CC) still remains challenging. Levels of circulating tumor (CTC) and cancer stem cells (CSC) are promising non-invasive prognostic factors. Our aim was to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II–IV CC with different levels of CTCs as well as to enhance their prognostic value by additionally determining the level of CD44+ CSCs. Material and methods. The study included 299 patients with stage II–IV CC. All patients underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX). patients with stage IV CC with resectable liver metastases underwent simultaneous resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases, followed by FOLFOX chemotherapy. the proportion of CTCs was evaluated before surgery using Veridex CellSearch™, and the level of CD44+ CSCs was determined in the tissue of the removed tumor by the IHC method. OS was studied in patients with different CTC levels, cumulative OS was calculated by Kaplan–Meier`s method. prognostic algorithm was designed by logistic regression analysis and cox proportional hazards model. Results. OS was found to be lower in patients with higher CTC levels divided into ranges: 0, 1–3, 4–9, ≥10 (χ2=11.59, p=0.009); thus enabling us to use it for prognosis. its prognostic value is enhanced by estimation of CD44+ CSC in tumor. Statistically significant conjugation between CTC and CD44+ ranges was found. an increase in CTC level by 1 range resulted in the increase in the risk of fatal outcome by 1.58 times (р=0.002); the additive increase in CD44+ expression ≥10 % resulted in the increase in the risk of fatal outcome by 7.2 times (p<0.001). For individual risk assessment, a model for calculating the prognostic coefficient K with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was developed, and its mathematical expression was proposed. the value of K≥0.411 indicates a high risk of adverse outcome. Conclusion. The prognostic algorithm for the risk of unfavorable outcome of patients with CC, based on the assessment of CTC and CD44+ CSC levels, was developed.

Aim: to analyze the results of surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).   Patients and methods: the case series study included 20 patients with  FAP,  85 % of procedures with anastomosis and 15 % with a permanent ileostomy. Laparoscopic approach was  used in 35 %.   Results: the mean time of operation time was  243 minutes, the mean intraoperative blood loss was  244 ml, and the mean hospital stay was  17.2. Three (15.0 %) patients developed postoperative complications. Laparoscopic pro­cedures were advantageous in terms of intraoperative blood loss and faster recovery. The first polyps were detected in the rectal stump within 6-8 months after surgery, desmoid tumors within 24.3 months. Most patients had an acceptable quality of life with an mean number of stools per day 11.1.   Conclusions: FAP is a complex problem of modern medicine requiring the teamwork of various medical specialists. Minimally invasive interventions for FAP have advantages over open procedures.