Ninety women, who attended the infertility clinic, were evaluated. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy with chromopertubation was done in all these 90 patients for assessment of tubal patency. The study analysed the efficacy of HSG versus laparoscopy and compared the correlation between the two methods. The results of the study showed that in diagnosing a patent tube the correlation between HSG and laparoscopy is 75% for patent tubes and 73% for blocked tubes. The sensitivity of HSG in diagnosing tubal pathology was 81% while specificity is 71%. A high false positive rate of 29% in HSG was shown in this study.

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BACKGROUND:Bone marrow examination is a commonly used diagnostic modality in the evaluation of hemato-oncological disorders and in patients with malignancies of visceral organs to detect metastasis. This study reviews clinical, hematological and pathological data of interesting cases with bone marrow involvement. Out of 490 bone marrow aspirations performed during a period of 4 years, 5 cases show metastatic carcinomatous deposits which included adenocarcinomas(3), squamous cell carcinoma(1) and neuroendocrine tumour(1), Non-Hodgkins lymphomas(2), storage disorder(2), granulomatous lesions(1), gelatinous transformation(1). Fever, generalized weakness, loss of appetite and loss of weight were the main symptoms. Anemia and pancytopenia were the main hematological findings. Dry tap was a significant finding in bone marrow aspiration in cases of metastatic cancers.

Background: Endometriosis affects up to 30-40% of women seeking fertility treatment and is known to reduce fecundity. There remains a debate on the effect of endometriosis on the IVF outcome, with live birth not reported in most studies. This study looks at the impact of endometriosis on live birth rates after IVF and compares the chances of success with those without endometriosis.Methods: Retrospective analysis of women who underwent IVF at our institution for 2 years were included. Multiple factor infertility, ovulation disorders and donor program were excluded. The outcomes were compared for 4 cohorts - women with endometriosis, male factor infertility, tubal factor infertility and unexplained infertility. The primary outcome was live birth rate. Other outcome measures were total dose of gonadotropins used, mean number of oocytes collected, M2 oocyte rate, fertilization rate, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate.Results: Patients diagnosed with endometriosis had lower mean number of oocytes collected (6.86 vs 7.69, 7.94, 7.45) and lower mean number of M2 oocytes (5.31 vs 6.21, 6.44, 5.91) but was not statistically significant. Endometriosis patients required significantly higher dose of gonadotropins when compared to controls (5365.79 IU;  p-0.001). The per ET implantation rate (10.4% vs 17.8%, 22.5%, 19.2%), clinical pregnancy rate (8% vs 15%, 20%, 17%), live birth rate (7.92% vs 16.6%, 15.14%, 12%) and the cumulative live birth rate (27.9% vs 46.5%, 60%, 46.7%) were significantly less in women with endometriosis (p-0.039, p-0.021, p-0.001, p-0.039 respectively) and the effect is more pronounced with increasing disease severity.Conclusions: Endometriosis affects all aspects of IVF outcomes including folliculogenesis, embryo development and implantation. Though ovarian factor can be overruled by increasing the stimulation doses as in our study, methods to improve the implantation rates should be thought about in future.

Background and objectives: Mullerian adenosarcoma is an uncommon variant of mixed mesodermal tumour of the uterus. This is a case report of a 65 year old post-menopausal lady who presented with complaints of passing tissue fragments per vaginum for 2 days followed by spotting. On examination, a polypoid mass protruding through the cervix was seen which was biopsied. Following a preliminary histologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated sarcoma on the biopsy; the patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy. Method: The surgical specimen was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were studied. Result and conclusion: Histopathological examination of the polypoid mass revealed a tumour comprising of an admixture of benign endometrial glandular component with overgrowth of sarcomatous stromal component and heterologous elements. This may pose a problem in diagnosis due to its rarity, and hence its distinctive morphological features merit attention as described here. In view of the rarity of this tumor, it is mandatory to do extensive histologic sampling to identify areas of sarcomatous overgrowth before arriving at a diagnosis of mullerian adenosarcoma as the clinical course and management vary.