Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. The etiological role of Candida in leukoplakia has been a subject of debate in recent years. Candida invasion has been suggested to be a significant risk factor for malignant transformation of OL and also it may be associated with certain clinical characteristics such as lesion type, size, and site, dysplasia, and tobacco use. Several studies showed that the greater risk of malignant change in women than men. Finally, the management of this common condition remains a variable and includes local, topical, and systemic therapies such as anti-oxidants, carotenoids, and antifungal therapies.
The patients were selected by randomized sampling method for a time period of 1 year. Patients who reported with orofacial pain in the outpatient department of Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences and Mahatma Gandhi Medical Hospital were enrolled in the study and were explained about the study, the pain questionnaire, and the pain scales. Patient's consent was obtained in English/Vernacular language. Further, the participants were sent for preliminary examination by an experienced oral medicine Abstract Background: Pain is a significant discomfort faced by the majority of people with orofacial disorders. This study was aimed at assessing nature of pain using different pain skills among population suffering from non-odontogenic orofacial pain. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of non-odontogenic pain and characterize the nature of non-odontogenic pain at the outpatient department of Mahatma Gandhi Medical Hospital and Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences. Method: Patients were selected by randomized sampling method for a period of 1 year. Patients diagnosed with non-odontogenic orofacial pain were asked to fill pain questionnaires to analyze the intensity and quality of the pain. The obtained results were subjected to percentage analysis. Results: A total of 1515 patients reported with non-odontogenic orofacial pain, with male to female ratio of 2.08:1.03. The majority of patients reported pain due to temporomandibular joint/musculoskeletal disorders, followed by non-odontogenic oral pain conditions such as headache and neuralgic pain conditions, sinusitis, ear-related disorders, throat-and neck-related disorders, and psychogenic pain conditions. The intensity and quality of pain differed from each condition. Conclusion: Multiple scales to measure the intensity of pain, and McGill pain questionnaire to analyze the quality and character of pain gives a fair idea about the patient's quality of life, providing baseline information about non-odontogenic orofacial pain.
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