Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, potentially malignant condition affecting the oral cavity and frequently involving the upper part of the aerodigestive tract including the oropharynx and the upper part of the esophagus. It is characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of lamina propria, leading to stiffening of the oral mucosa eventually causing trismus. This condition is associated with significant morbidity and high risk of malignancy. Over the years, several drugs and combinations have been tried for the treatment of submucous fibrosis, but with limited success, because of its unclear molecular pathogenesis. Till date, there are no known effective treatments for OSF. The aim of this article is to emphasize on the molecular changes taking place in OSF and possible therapeutic interventions.

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. The etiological role of Candida in leukoplakia has been a subject of debate in recent years. Candida invasion has been suggested to be a significant risk factor for malignant transformation of OL and also it may be associated with certain clinical characteristics such as lesion type, size, and site, dysplasia, and tobacco use. Several studies showed that the greater risk of malignant change in women than men. Finally, the management of this common condition remains a variable and includes local, topical, and systemic therapies such as anti-oxidants, carotenoids, and antifungal therapies.

Vascular malformations are one of the most common lesions of the oral cavity. The lesion may be a congenital malformation observed in neonates or arteriovenous malformation observed in adults. Various surgical and medical managements are possible for vascular lesions which include surgical excision, laser therapy, cryotherapy, selective embolization, intralesional sclerosing agents, β-blockers and steroid therapy. Here we report a case of oral vascular lesion where intralesional injection with 30 mg/ml of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) was given, which resulted in local complications with severe inflammatory response including pain, swelling, and surface ulceration that remained for 2 weeks. Sclerotherapy with STS still remain an effective agent in treating benign oral vascular lesions and provides alternative or support for surgical methods. Sometimes it can lead to undesirable complications like allergic reactions, local inflammatory response, etc.

Cherubism was first described by Jones in 1933 as “familial multilocular cystic disease of jaws.” Renamed as cherubism in 1938 because of classical characteristics of full round cheeks and upward cast of the eyes to the angelic look of the cherubs immortalized by renaissance art. It is characterized by progressive painless bilateral swelling of jaws involving either maxilla or mandible producing chubby face. It is uncommon fibro-osseous disorder of bone. Mutation in the gene encoding SH3-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) plays a role in the disease. There are indications that the gene SH3BP2 plays a role in regulating the increased osteoblast and osteoclast activities that are seen in normal tooth eruption and point mutations in the gene could cause pathologic activation of osteoclasts. The purpose of this paper is to present the uncommon form of cherubism and to review the clinicoradiographic, histopathologic features and treatment so as to facilitate diagnosis of disease.

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