Oral leukoplakia: A review and its update

Kayalvizhi, E. B.; Lakshman, V. L.; Sitra, Govindasamy; Yoga, Sivakumar; Kanmani, R; Megalai, N

doi:10.15713/ins.jmrps.52

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…5,9 Homogenous lesions can be flat, thin and a uniform white in colour, while non-homogenous legions can be white or red and may be either of irregular surface texture (speckled), nodular or verrucous, the latter variety of which has an elevated, proliferative or corrugated surface appearance. 10 Leukoplakia is categorised as a lesion with the potential to become malignant. 10 The estimated rate of change toward malignancy is 1-2%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Leukoplakia is categorised as a lesion with the potential to become malignant. 10 The estimated rate of change toward malignancy is 1-2%. 10,11 The causes of leukoplakia are divided into two categories: idiopathic leukoplakia and leukoplakia associated with habitual use of tobacco.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The estimated rate of change toward malignancy is 1-2%. 10,11 The causes of leukoplakia are divided into two categories: idiopathic leukoplakia and leukoplakia associated with habitual use of tobacco. 10,11 While leukoplakia can occur in all parts of the oral cavity, occurrences located at the base of the mouth, soft palate and tongue have a high risk of becoming malignant, whereas leukoplakia in other areas such as the buccal mucosa have a low risk of such transformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leukoplakia in HIV patients and risk of malignancy: A case report

et al. 2020

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Background: Oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an oral lesion which shows abnormalities with potential to become malignant. Leukoplakia is one such OPMD that may present in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with the condition of HIV presenting a heightened risk of malignancy. Purpose: This case report aims to describe the initial finding and case management of an oral lesion that was suspected as leukoplakia in an HIV-positive patient on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Case: A 34-year-old male patient was referred to the Oral Medicine Division from an HIV clinic at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, with a chief complaint of dental caries. The patient was HIV and hepatitis C positive and already undergoing ART. Case Management: During the intraoral examination, we found multiple caries, poor oral hygiene and a single thin white plaque lesion on the right buccal mucosa around the second and third mandibular molar region. The white plaque was painless, irregular, clearly demarcated, could not be rubbed off and did not disappear when stretched. History of trauma in this area was non-contributory and the lesion had gone unnoticed prior to oral examination. The patient had an existing smoking habit of 25 years. As clinical examination suggested leukoplakia, a biopsy was arranged. Conclusion: Leukoplakia is defined as a potentially malignant lesion. The risk of shifting into malignancy can be higher for patients who are HIV positive. Especially in HIV-positive patients, special measures are needed to prevent shifting into malignancy, such as early detection, elimination of risk factors, performing excisional biopsy and regular intraoral examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leukoplakia in HIV patients and risk of malignancy: A case report

et al. 2020

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“…Essas lesões clinicamente brancas e vermelhas podem já ter evoluído microscopicamente para carcinoma de células escamosas. 18 O câncer oral pode apresentar outros aspectos clínicos, como tumores ou nódulos de superfície lisa, principalmente, para neoplasias de glân-dulas salivares, ou ainda lesões arroxeadas nos sarcomas e linfomas. No entanto, estas neoplasias são significativamente mais raras que o carcinoma de células escamosas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Conhecimento dos alunos de Odontologia na identificação do câncer oral

Sousa¹,

Lobato²,

Pessin³

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Odontol.

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Revista Brasileira de Odontologia 186Conhecimento dos alunos de Odontologia na identificação do câncer oral Introdução S egundo estimativa do Instituto Nacional do Câncer, 1 são esperados 15.490 novos casos de câncer oral para 2016 em todo o Brasil; destes, 11.140 apenas em homens, um número alarmante. O câncer oral representa um grande desafio para a saúde pública, pois a extinção do tumor e a reabilitação são difíceis de alcançar. Além disso, diagnósticos tardios envolvem tratamentos complexos, cirurgias mutiladoras e prognósticos duvidosos, diminuindo a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. 2Das neoplasias malignas que ocorrem na mucosa bucal, aproximadamente, 90% são originadas do epitélio de revestimento bucal, denominadas de carcinoma de células escamosas. Outros tumores mais raros são representados por carcinomas de glândulas salivares, sarcomas, melanoma, entre outros. 3A primeira linha de atuação na detecção do câncer oral faz parte das competências do cirurgião-dentista e consiste na realização de um minucioso exame intraoral, incluindo lábios e região de orofaringe. Infelizmente, quase metade de todos os cânceres orais não é diagnosticado até que estejam em estado avançado. 4 Desta maneira, estar familiarizado com os aspectos clínicos do câncer oral torna esta tarefa menos propensa ao erro, pois carcinomas em estágios iniciais podem ter características sutis, ausência de dor, não sendo muitas vezes percebidos pelo paciente. Os profissionais devem incluir rotinas de rastreamento do câncer oral em sua prática clínica, mesmo que não solicitado pelo paciente. 5Tendo em vista a importância destes conhecimentos para o cirurgião-dentista, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de questionário investigativo, o grau de conhecimento e as opiniões dos estudantes de Odontologia do Espírito Santo sobre o câncer oral, com questões sobre prevenção, métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento. Material e MétodosTrata-se de um estudo observacional de natureza transversal que buscou verificar o conhecimento e opiniões de estudantes de Odontologia sobre câncer oral. Para tal, foi elaborado um questionário contendo 16 questões sobre o tema. As questões tratavam de temas pertinentes ao diagnóstico e conduta frente ao câncer oral, como fatores de risco, características clínicas, biópsia, palpação de linfonodos cervicais, encaminhamento e tratamento, além de abordar as atitudes e práticas clínicas dos graduandos e investigar seus interesses e percepções sobre o assunto.Previamente

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“…A risk factor for malignant transformation of OL is Candida invasion. It may be associated with certain clinical characteristics such as lesion Warnakulasuriya et al listed the overall risk factors for malignant transformation in leukoplakia as follows: female gender, long duration of leukoplakia, leukoplakia in nonsmokers (idiopathic leukoplakia), location on the tongue and/or floor of the mouth, nonhomogeneous type, presence of Candida albicans and presence of epithelial dysplasia (21).…”

Section: Bleomycin In Oral Leukoplakiamentioning

confidence: 99%