The current state of providing of the population of Ukraine with extemporaneous drugs produced in pharmacies is one of the most acute social problems of the healthcare system and pharmacy. In this regard, the analysis and determination of the directions for solving of the existing problems of pharmacies’ production activities, as well as the development of approaches to increase the availability of extemporaneous medicines for the population are of particular relevance.            The aim of the work is an analysis of the current state and problems of the extemporaneous drugs’ production using a questionnaire of pharmaceutical workers in production pharmacies in Ukraine. The object of the study have been scientific publications, as well as the study of the opinions of pharmaceutical workers in production pharmacies for the compounding (production) of extemporaneous drugs. The studies were carried out by using questionnaire survey method, systematization and generalization methods. Conducted nationwide questionnaire of the heads of pharmacy establishments and pharmacy specialists has been showed that over the past decade there has been a tendency to enlarge pharmacy production of medicines: if in 2010 biggest part of production pharmacies (85.50%) had small volumes of production - up to 20 thousand units, now about a third part – 29.63%, are pharmacies with significant production volumes, namely from 100 to 500 thousand production units (24.07%). An analysis of the profitability of production pharmacies has made it possible to determine that the main part of them is profitable (57.14%), but has certain problems. It has been established that the reason for this condition is an untimely revision of tariffs for the production of medicines – only a third part of pharmacies do this once a year. At the same time, the situation has not changed over the past ten years, while 95% of production pharmacies looked at tariffs no more than once every 3 years. According to the results of the study, the main problems of pharmaceutical manufacturing of medicines were identified, namely: high VAT rate (60.71%), complicated licensing conditions (55.36%) and lack of registration for substances (46.43%). It was also suggested a set of measures and outlined the priority areas for reforming the system of providing the population with extemporaneous medicines.            According to the results of the nationwide questionnaire of the heads of pharmacy establishments and pharmacy specialists of production pharmacies, the main trends of establishments have been established, namely the enlargement of pharmacy production of medicines, the low profitability of such pharmacies due to untimely revision of tariffs for the production of medicines, as well as the sales leaders - a group of dermatological and anti-allergic extemporaneous medicines. The study has also identified the current problems of pharmacy production, priorities in reforming the providing of extemporaneous medicines to the population, and a set of approaches to increase their availability.

Аналіз думок лікарів-дерматологів і пацієнтів стосовно екстемпоральної рецептури Незважаючи на велику різноманітність і зростаючу кількість промислово випущених лікарських препаратів останнім часом, екстемпоральні ліки призначаються лікарями, готуються у виробничих аптеках та відпускаються пацієнтам. Питання про перспективи і майбутнє препаратів аптечного виготовлення є складним і залежить не тільки від готовності фармацевтів їх виготовляти, а й від кількості виписаних рецептів та ставлення пацієнтів до них. Також є певні проблеми як з боку пропозиції від виробничих аптек, так і з боку попиту пацієнтів. Мета: оцінка переваг і недоліків, пов'язаних із лікарським призначенням, виготовленням та використанням екстемпоральних дерматологічних прописів на основі анкетного опитування лікарів і населення Донецької області. Матеріали та методи: анонімне анкетне опитування серед лікарів-дерматологів і населення Донецької області за допомогою Google-форми; дослідження проводилося з використанням методів анкетного опитування, систематизації та узагальнення. Результати дослідження. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що лікарі визначають важливу роль лікарських засобів, виготовлених в аптечних умовах, в індивідуальному терапевтичному підході до лікування пацієнта і вбачають перспективи у лікуванні такими препаратами. Однак здебільшого населенню лікарі все-таки виписують препарати промислового виробництва. На думку населення, це пов'язано з тим, що багато лікарів не мають інформації про аптеки, які займаються виготовленням лікарських препаратів. Установлено, що тільки половина населення хотіла б щоб їм призначали лікарські засоби аптечного виготовлення, але значний відсоток (36,2 %) населення не знає жодної виробничої аптеки. Висновки. Проведене дослідження дозволило охарактеризувати сучасний стан ставлення лікарів і населення до екстемпоральної рецептури, а також визначити її переваги і недоліки.

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Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its mutants. COVID-19 is often the cause of the development of pathologies on the part of the respiratory system against the background of hypoxia. One of the alternative methods of eliminating hypoxia is carboxytherapy, since carbon dioxide (CO2) has an anti-hypoxic, antioxidant effect due to its physiological properties. The use of CO2 in the treatment can be effective in eliminating the symptoms of pleuropulmonary pathology, as CO2 has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antimicrobial effects.

The prevalence of diseases of the digestive organs at the current stage of human development is extremely high, and their universally increasing incidence rate is estimated as an epidemic. In Ukraine, mortality from diseases of the digestive organs ranks fourth in the population mortality structure (after diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and accidents). Among all diseases of digestive organs in the modern world, inflammatory bowel diseases are one of the most serious and unsolved problems in modern gastroenterology and coloproctology. In terms of morbidity, non-specific ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inferior to other gastroenterological diseases, although in terms of the severity of the course, the frequency of complications and mortality, they occupy one of the leading places in the structure of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.         Therefore, the goal of our work was the marketing analysis of drugs for the treatment of non-specific ulcerative colitis containing mesalazine as an active component. Obtaining data on the demand on the pharmaceutical market for medicinal products with mesalazine, determining trends in the use of dosage forms with this substance will allow predicting approaches to the development of a domestic effective medicinal product containing mesalazine. The objects of the study were medicinal products of local and systemic action, containing mesalazine in their composition. To achieve the goal, generally accepted research methods were used, which contributed to the objective assessment of the analysis of the pharmaceutical market. The analysis of the assortment of medicines with mesalazine presented on the domestic pharmaceutical market was carried out according to the data of the classification system of the ATС, the State Formulary of Medicines, the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine. The presence on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine of drugs of the group A07E Intestinal antiinflammatory agents indicates that the leader in terms of assortment offers is drugs with mesalazine (5-ASA). As of February 2023, Ukraine has registration certificates for 19 medicinal products of five brands with the active ingredient mesalazine. According to the received data, no medicinal product of domestic production containing mesalazine has been registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Several types of dosage forms with mesalazine are available on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine (coated tablets, long-acting granules, suppositories, and rectal suspension). It should be noted the absence of combined medicines with mesalazine. Also, there is no such medicinal form as enteric-dissolving hard gelatin capsules on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Taking into account the obtained data, approaches to the introduction into production of a domestic medicinal product for the treatment of non-specific ulcerative colitis containing mesalazine and medicinal plant raw materials are in demand for pharmaceutical development.