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The antidepressant activity of some phytopreparations and phenylpropanoids was studied in white rats, which were subjected to the desperation test and neuropharmacological tests based on the antagonist activity with respect to reserpine, clofelin, and L-DOPA. The most pronounced effect was exhibited by the extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus, which produced a 56.4% decrease in the immobilization period in rats that was comparable with, albeit somewhat lower than the effect of amitriptyline (73.5%). The antidepressant effects of other phytopreparations decreased in the following order: Rhodiola rosea (53.8%), Echinacea purpurea (49%), and Schizandra chinensis (29.8%). Among phenylpropanoids, the maximum antidepressant effects were produced by syringin and rosavin (49.7% and 29.5%, respectively). The most pronounced antagonism with respect to reserpine was also observed for syringin. The tinctures of Echinacea purpurea and Schizandra chinensis, as well as phenylpropanoid triandrin produced the maximum antidepressant effect in the clofelin-induced depression test. An increase in the stimulating action of L-DOPA was observed upon the administration of rosavin and the tinctures of Schizandra chinensis and Echinacea purpurea.

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Interactions of silybin and dihydroquercetin (taxifolin), flavanonols from milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] fruits, with Langmuir monolayers of lecithin and bilayers of liposomes are compared. It is established that the investigated flavanonols have different mechanisms of action. Taxifolin produces predominantly membrane-stabilizing action whereas silybin is characterized by immobilization in the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid bilayer with the formation of more hydrophilic micellar structures. The presence of silybin and taxifolin in the liquid extract of milk thistle fruits suggests that a dual mechanism of action may occur in this preparation and also in other combined medicines based on these fruits. The results of this study show good prospects for creating combined preparations based on milk thistle fruit, taxifolin, and other flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, diosmin, etc.) possessing pronounced membrane-stabilizing action.

Topicality. The herb of Monarda fistulosa L. cultivated in the Russian Federation is one of the promising sources of essential oils, flavonoids and other biologically active compounds. The problem of standardization of raw materials of this plant is not fully resolved. Objective. The article is aimed at specification and addition of anatomical and histological signs of leaves and stems of Monarda fistulosa, as well as at the study of the luminescent features of their tissues. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the stems and leaves of the Monarda fistulosa, collected in the flowering period in July 2017 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The experiment was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light on a light field in accordance with the requirements of the monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XIV edition. Results. The article presents the results of a morphological and anatomical study of the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Additionally, the diagnostic features of the studied plant were determined, and the luminescence features of the tissues of the stems and leaves were also described. Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to develop a section “Microscopic signs” of the Pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of medicine plant material - “herb of Monardae fistulosae”.