For the first time in 2019, the World health organization (WHO) anked non-vaccination among the top 10 threats to humanity. Immunprevention, initiated by E. Jenner in 1796, became one of the greatest achievements of medicine, which nowadays annually prevents up to 3 million human deaths. Despite this fact, in recent years, society is increasing anti-vaccination sentiment, frequent cases of refusal of vaccination. The population’s attitude to vaccination has been analyzed and the main reasons for its rejection have been identified. By means of anonymous online survey the study involved 954 participant in the age range from 18 to 70 years. Participants have different levels of education, live throughout Russia and make decisions for themselves and for children in the matter of vaccination. The widespread lack of information about the purpose of the vaccination, its complications and the vaccine controlled infection have been indicated. Actually, mothers are most vulnerable to doubts about their children’s vaccination - 115 women give up all vaccinations. Many respondents (59 respondents) point to distrust of doctors as a reason for refusal of vaccination. More over, adults are not aware of the need for revaccination at all. There are a significant lack of health education and public distrust of health workers. Finally, methods to increase the population’s commitment to vaccination have been developed, aimed to overcome unfounded fears about vaccination and to improve the status of health workers.

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Prevention aims to create optimal conditions for the formation of children’s health, ensuring the protection of the child’s body from diseases. The goal is to identify priority problems in preventive work with preschool children in outpatient and polyclinic conditions. Materials and methods. Authors studied information from medical documents of 3-6 year children from the children’s polyclinics in Moscow, questionnaires of parents of children observed during 2017-2020. Preventive examinations cover 97.0% of children; a third of children have a chronic pathology. 68.1% of children passed dispensary examinations. 82.1% of children got vaccinated by age. The «Mother’s School» improves the medical literacy of parents. Conclusions. It is necessary to select a specific time for specialists during preventive examinations to intensify healthy lifestyle promotion among parents.

Each year in the world about 15 million babies are born preterm. Goal is to explore the role of Rehabilitation centres (RC) children from 0 to 3 years old, born with very low and extremely low birth weight to improve medical care in preterm infants. Materials and methods. Studied the functioning process of RC based on large multidisciplinary Pediatric Hospital in Moscow “Z.A. Bashljaevoj Children city Clinical Hospital” during the period 2012-2018 BC. The results. Since the beginning of operation RC was fastened 12234 preterm infants, among which was dominated by children (72%), having a birth weight of 1000 g to 1500 g. structure of all of Nosological forms prevailed in pathology of central nervous system (31.7%), 2 place-Ophthalmic Pathology (27.4%). the creation of RC is very relevant and effective organizational solution in terms of improving the quality of medical help premature babies.

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