The vapor-liquid equilibria of the 4 binary systems formed by mixing methanol with 11-butanol, isobutanol, see-butanol, and tert-butanol were investigated at 25 "C in a dynamic still with circulation. The results were used to calculate the molar excess Gibbs free energies. For the three systems containing isobutanol, see-butanol, or tert-butanol, molar excess enthalpies and volumes were also determined (mainly at 25 "C) by direct calorimetric and dilatometric techniques. The behavior of the excess properties is discussed with reference to differences in the hydrogen bonding and in the shapes of the component molecules.Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 48, 2457(1970) Previous publications from our laboratory impurities when passed through a variety of column have described measurements of the molar excess packings in an analytical chromatograph (perkin-~lmer Model 154, equipped with a hot wire detector). with sec-butanol (2-butanol) and with tert-did not occur readily and, apart from one exception butanol(2-methyl-2-propanol).

Mass Transfer and Adsorption in Liquid Full and Trickle BedsExperimental breakthrough curves were determined for a liquid full and a trickle bed reactor in which benzene was adsorbed from water on small activated carbon particles at 298°K and 1 atm. The step function of benzene was introduced into the water feed and the response measured in the liquid effluent. Benzene transfer a1r;o occurred from the liquid feed to the gaseous feed of pure helium.Moment analysis of data for liquid full conditions indicated that the first moment of the response curve could be used to obtain the adsorption equilibrium constant K for benzene on activated carbon. Comparison of results obtained by this new method with the K value determined from static equilibrium runs demonstrated the validity of the moment theory.Analysis of the response curves for trickle bed operation showed that the liquid-to-gas mass transfer coefficient (ka), could be evaluated from either the zero or first moment. Results were obtained in both the trickling flow and pulse flow regimes. Values of (ka), in the pulse flow regime, which were not heretofore available, were sharply higher than those for trickle flow. SCOPEMass transfer between gas and liquid and also between liquid and catalyst particles can significantly affect the performance of trickle bed reactors (Satterfield, 1978;Goto and Smith, 1975). Steady state methods have been used to obtain transport coefficients in the trickling flow (gas continuous) and pulsing flow regimes by steady state studies. These experiments have been carried out by two methods: in the absence of reaction by dissolution of solids which were unlike porous catalyst particles, or under catalytic reaction conditions where reaction effects have to be accounted for before mass transfer effects are evaluated.One objective of our research was to use breakthrough curve (BTC) data to evaluate the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (ka),. Also, we wanted to carry out the experiments under conditions of rapid physical adsorption. Then equilibrium could be assumed at an intraparticle adsorption site, avoiding the complications of finite reaction rate and possible variations in catalyst activity, etc. The procedure was to measure breakthrough curves in the liquid effluent when a step function of

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