The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate niosomes of venlafaxine HCl. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor type of drug used in the treatment of depression. It is practically soluble in water belongs to BCS class I with a bioavailability approximately 45%. Niosomes of venlafaxine HCl were prepared by using the cholesterol and span 80(1:1) by Ether Injection Method which is further used for targeted drug delivery. Nine batches were prepared by the Ether Injection Method and evaluated for In vitro drug release and drug release kinetics. Niosomes are acceptable and superior carriers and also have ability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect them from degradation. Niosomes were characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, percentage yield, FTIR, DSC, and physical stability. Formulation F 9 niosomes batch was found to be optimized and followed zero-order release kinetic. Niosomes dispersion were found to be stable and preparation of niosomes using factorial design was found to be well suited and sound approach to be stable niosomal formulations.

Transdermal drug deliver have a number of advantages including greater patient compliance, sustained release, prevent gastric irritation and avoidance of pre systematic first-pass effect. It gives attraction to many researcher due to various advantages. Recently, the use of micron-scale needles in increasing skin permeability has been proposed and shown to dramatically increase transdermal delivery, especially for macromolecules. Researchers have focused their attention on the use of microneedles to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum. Microneedles deliver the drug into the epidermis without disruption of nerve endings. Recent advances in the development of microneedles are discussed in this review. Using the tools of the microelectronics industry, microneedles have been fabricated with a range of sizes, shapes and materials.

Attempt was to formulate the oral sustained release metformin hydrochloride matrix tablets by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of (HPMC K-50 M).The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped and bulk density. It shows satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation, drug content, hardness, friability, and in-vitro release studies. In-vitro dissolution profiles of the all formulations were studied in 0.1 N HCl for first 2 hours then 6.8 pH phosphate buffer for next 10 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle) apparatus. FTIR spectral studies showed that there was no interaction between the drug and excipients. In development of Metformin HCl sustained release tablets was a good approach to sustain the release rate to overcome frequent administration and also to release the drug for a prolong time.

The aim of this research was to formulate and evaluate Venlafaxine Hydrochloride mucoadhesive microsphere prepared using Sodium carboxy methylcellulose and sodium alginate combination. Venlafaxine hydrochloride having extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and low bioavailability problem, determined the need for the development of sustained release formulation. Venlafaxine Hydrochloride mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method. Mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by using calcium chloride as cross linking agent. The venlafaxine hydrochloride mucoadhesive microsphere was characterized by particle size measurement, process yield, morphology of microsphere, drug entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion test, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) study and in-vitro drug release. FTIR, XRD and DSC analyses apparently did not indicate any interaction of the drug with the polymers. However, the drug content, drug entrapment efficiency and morphology of the microsphere were found to be influenced by the method of preparation, composition of microsphere as well as exposure to the cross linking agent. The particle size was increase significantly by increasing polymer concentration. In vitro drug release study showed that drug release can be modified by varying drug to polymer ratio. The release rate was found to be decreased in accordance with the increase in the ratio of polymer used. The release profile of drug follows the zero order models indicated that the drug release from these microsphere followed sustain release pattern.