Currently, congenital cardiovascular diseases, including congenital heart defects, contribute to the morbidity and mortality of children worldwide. In this regard, great importance is gained by experiments that allow studying the development of cardiovascular system (CVS).  The use of chicken embryos laid the foundation for an experimental study of both the physiology and pathology of the development of CVS. In virtue to accumulated theoretical and experimental material about pattern of development chicken embryos and their organs it becomes possible to study etiology and pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Due to the availability, large size, simplicity of manipulation and cultivation, chicken embryos served as a model for describing of the development and vascularization of the heart, and due to the high conservatism of many key mechanisms of early ontogenesis, the data obtained from such experiments could also be extrapolated to humans. Work with chicken embryos formed the basis for human knowledge in the field of embryogenesis of the cardiovascular system - the formation of the myocardium, epicardium, endocardium, coronary vascular bed, chambers of the heart and the main vessels. With the development of new biomedical technologies, primarily the techniques of intravital imaging, the range of possible interventions on the CCC of the chick embryo has expanded. Taking into account these advantages and the improvement of experimental methods, models based on chicken embryos do not lose relevance to this day.

Embryonic development is one of the most important stages in the formation of the animal organism, so its study never lost its relevance. However, today, the detailed process of embryo development remains behind the «screen» that nature created by itself, which in turn creates certain technical difficulties that can be coped with by various methods of visualization of the embryo that are presented in this article. These are not only relatively simple 2D techniques that permit to see the embryo in the plane, but also novel 3D techniques that permit observation of an embryo in its volumetric structure. Since invasive methods are associated with unfavourable consequences during observation of the embryo, which produce a negative effect on the obtained scientific data and can lead to their misinterpretation, recently, non-invasive methods are more often used that allow to preserve the integrity of the structures of the embryo and reduce the risk of developmental disorders that occur during the observation process. The time-lapse technology was an innovative discovery which permits to visualize real-time events during embryonic development. Time-lapse is a frame-by-frame shooting, which collects the obtained static images into one continuous video. Frame montage is carried out using special equipment. This system has found application in a large number of scientific experiments. High resolution of modern technical devices permits to observe the formation of embryonic structures, to make a real assessment of an embryo growth and development according to the established parameters, and to observe changes induced by different factors.

Background. Polymorphism of clinical manifestations of mental pathology in dermatology often leads to diagnostic errors and severe social exclusion of patients.Clinical case description. The presented clinical case demonstrated the similarity of the clinical picture of self-destructive dermatosis with the symptoms of pyoderma gangrenosum, which determined our differential diagnostic search. Ulcerous defects in the patient were localized in places accessible for self-destruction and did not cause severe pain characteristic of pyoderma gangrenosum. In addition, lack of association with systemic diseases, unsuccessful long-term dermatological treatment, uniformity of skin lesions, and rapid healing of skin manifestations resulting in a scar were more characteristic of self-destructive dermatosis. A pathomorphological examination of the skin revealed morphological data typical of artificial dermatitis in combination with sclerotic changes, and excluded the presence of granulomatous diseases, vasculitis, and deep purulent inflammation of the dermis (neutrophilic dermal abscesses). Thus, histological changes in the biopsy material did not correspond to the clinical skin manifestations. The constant self-destructive actions of the patient resulted in excoriations, ulcerations, with the subsequent secondary infection and conspicuous cicatricial skin changes.Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrated the complexity of the diagnostic search for a psychodermatological disorder due to the similarity of the clinical picture of self-destructive dermatosis with the symptoms of pyoderma gangrenosum, which led to a delayed diagnosis.

Применение куриных эмбрионов в качестве моделей для изучения физиологических и патологических процессов в организме человека имеет давнюю историю важных открытий и разработок. Несмотря на широкое применение ряда позвоночных и беспозвоночных животных в качестве объектов для экспериментов в современной науке, куриные эмбрионы по-прежнему занимают важное место в научной практике. Благодаря новым молекулярным и генетическим инструментам, применяемым на куриных эмбрионах, совершенствуется процесс изучения нормальных и патологических процессов. Развитая сосудистая сеть хориоаллантоисной мембраны и ее поверхностное расположение делают куриные эмбрионы удобной платформой для изучения таких тканевых процессов, как морфогенез, ангиогенез и метастазирование опухолей. Современные технологии визуализации позволяют проводить оценку этих процессов в режиме реального времени, точно описывать стадии этих явлений. Существующие экспериментальные методики по работе на куриных эмбрионах отрыли широкие возможности не только в изучении этиологии и патогенеза опухолевого роста, но и в разработке новых противоопухолевых препаратов. Таким образом, куриный эмбрион-уникальная модель, которая позволяет обойти многие ограничения при изучении канцерогенеза in vivo. Ключевые слова: куриный эмбрион, ангиогенез, канцерогенез, неоплазия.