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Currently, congenital cardiovascular diseases, including congenital heart defects, contribute to the morbidity and mortality of children worldwide. In this regard, great importance is gained by experiments that allow studying the development of cardiovascular system (CVS).  The use of chicken embryos laid the foundation for an experimental study of both the physiology and pathology of the development of CVS. In virtue to accumulated theoretical and experimental material about pattern of development chicken embryos and their organs it becomes possible to study etiology and pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Due to the availability, large size, simplicity of manipulation and cultivation, chicken embryos served as a model for describing of the development and vascularization of the heart, and due to the high conservatism of many key mechanisms of early ontogenesis, the data obtained from such experiments could also be extrapolated to humans. Work with chicken embryos formed the basis for human knowledge in the field of embryogenesis of the cardiovascular system - the formation of the myocardium, epicardium, endocardium, coronary vascular bed, chambers of the heart and the main vessels. With the development of new biomedical technologies, primarily the techniques of intravital imaging, the range of possible interventions on the CCC of the chick embryo has expanded. Taking into account these advantages and the improvement of experimental methods, models based on chicken embryos do not lose relevance to this day.

Aim.The main aim of this research is to overview some main methods of anxiety assessment of animals by the behavioral tests based on the unconditional models. Animal models of anxiety disorders are actively used for studying their etiology and pathogenesis and for their treatment and prevention. This review describes some basic unconditional methods of anxiety disorders assessment in laboratory animals: open field test, light-dark box test / light-dark exploration box, elevated plus-maze and Suok test. The principles of conducting this test, regulated parameters and their link with anxiety-level are described.Conclusion.A modern researcher possesses different methods of modeling anxiety disorders in rodents. The tendency to an in-depth assessment of the behavioral reactions is noted. The use of the described models allows us to reveal and analyze the anxiolytic activity of new pharmacological drugs and non-pharmacological methods of pathological anxiety management. The most important aspect of performing this research is the correct matching of received data and normal and pathological human physiology features.

Оригинальные исследОвания Экспериментальная медицина В ыявление антипролиферативного эффекта D-аспарагина (моноамид D-аспарагиновой кислоты) положило начало разработке новых противорубцовых препаратов на его основе [1, 2]. Этому способствовало изучение биологической роли D-аспарагиновой кислоты, которая является одним из важнейших нейротрансмиттеров, участвует в регуляции деятельности иммунной системы и оказывает влияние на секрецию мелатонина, пролактина, тестостерона, лютеинизиру-ющего и соматотропного гормонов, присутствуя в коже и соединительной ткани человека [3, 4]. Найдены упоминания как об угнетающем влиянии D-аспарагиновой кислоты на пролиферативную активность опухолевых клеток, так и о стимуляции роста онкогенных клеток, в частности эпителия молочной железы человека (линия MCF-7) [5, 6]. Если рассматривать D-аспарагин в качестве основы для разработки препарата, способного ограничить разрастание рубцовой ткани, то исходно не

Embryonic development is one of the most important stages in the formation of the animal organism, so its study never lost its relevance. However, today, the detailed process of embryo development remains behind the «screen» that nature created by itself, which in turn creates certain technical difficulties that can be coped with by various methods of visualization of the embryo that are presented in this article. These are not only relatively simple 2D techniques that permit to see the embryo in the plane, but also novel 3D techniques that permit observation of an embryo in its volumetric structure. Since invasive methods are associated with unfavourable consequences during observation of the embryo, which produce a negative effect on the obtained scientific data and can lead to their misinterpretation, recently, non-invasive methods are more often used that allow to preserve the integrity of the structures of the embryo and reduce the risk of developmental disorders that occur during the observation process. The time-lapse technology was an innovative discovery which permits to visualize real-time events during embryonic development. Time-lapse is a frame-by-frame shooting, which collects the obtained static images into one continuous video. Frame montage is carried out using special equipment. This system has found application in a large number of scientific experiments. High resolution of modern technical devices permits to observe the formation of embryonic structures, to make a real assessment of an embryo growth and development according to the established parameters, and to observe changes induced by different factors.