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Objectives Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it remains poorly understood whether NETs participate in the cross-talk between periodontitis and RA. Herein, we investigated the production of NETs in individuals with periodontitis and RA and its association with clinical parameters. The impact of periodontal therapy on RA and NET release was also assessed. Methods The concentration of NETs and cytokines was determined in the saliva and plasma of individuals with early RA (n = 24), established RA (n = 64), and individuals without RA (n = 76). The influence of periodontitis on the production of NETs and cytokines was also evaluated. Results Individuals with early RA had a higher concentration of NETs in saliva and plasma than individuals with established RA or without RA. Periodontitis resulted in an increase in the concentration of NETs of groups of individuals without RA and with early RA. The proportion of individuals with high concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and GM-CSF was higher among individuals with periodontitis than among individuals without periodontitis. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17/IL-25, and IL-28A were particularly high in individuals with early RA. Worse periodontal clinical parameters, RA onset and RA activity were significantly associated with circulating NETs. Periodontal therapy was associated with a reduction in the concentration of NETs and inflammatory cytokines and amelioration in periodontitis and RA. Conclusion This study reveals that NETs are a possible link between periodontitis and RA, with periodontal therapy resulting in a dramatic switch in circulating NET levels.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and osseointegration of implant with different wettability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and histomorphometric analysis (bone implant contact, BIC; and bone area fraction occupied, BAFO) after 2 and 4 weeks in rabbit tibiae. Thirty-two Morse taper implants (length 7 mm, diameter 3.5 mm) were divided according to surface characteristics (n=8): Neo, sandblasted and dual acidetched; and Aq, sandblasted followed by dual acid-etched and maintained in an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were used. Two implants of each group were installed in the right and left tibiae according to the experimental periods. The RFA (Ostell®) was obtained immediately and after the sacrifice (2 and 4 weeks). The bone/implant blocks were processed for histomorphometric analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation for ISQ, BIC and BAFO parameters (p=0.05). No significant effect of implant, period of evaluation or interaction between implant and period of evaluation was found for BIC and BAFO values (p>0.05). Only period of evaluation had significant effect for RFA values at 4 weeks (p=0.001), and at 2 weeks (p<0.001). RFA values were significantly higher at the final period of evaluation compared with those obtained at early periods. There was a significant correlation between BIC values and BAFO values (p=0.009). Both implant surfaces, Aq and Neo, were able to produce similar implant bone integration when normal cortical bone instrumentation was performed. Influence of Implant Surfaces o n O s s e o i n t e g r a t i o n : A Histomorphometric and Implant S t a b i l i t y S t u d y i n R a b b i t s

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of roughness parameters and hydrophobicity of restorative material used to restore non-carious cervical lesions on the biofilm formation. Four restorative materials were investigated: conventional glass ionomer cement (KF, Ketac Fill Plus, 3M ESPE), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (VT, Vitremer, 3M ESPE), nanofilled resin-modified glass ionomer cement (KN, Ketac Nano, 3M ESPE), and nanofilled resin composite (FZ, Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Forty disk specimens were prepared from each material, dived in four groups. Five samples were used for topography parameters analysis using a 3D profilometry. The amplitude parameters (Sa and Sq), spatial parameter (Sds), and hybrid parameter (Ssc) were extracted in area using cut-off of 0.25 mm. Hydrophobicity was determined by the contact angle measurement of deionized water on the surface. The biofilm collected from a 24-year-old subject was grown on modified brain-heart infusion agar under aerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 h. Each test disk was immersed in 200 lL of biofilm suspension (n = 10) and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Biofilm was evaluated after 24 h formation on each disk after stained with 1 % fluorescein using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (a = 0.05), Pearson correlation was used to compare topography parameters with biofilm formation. Significant differences were found in related amplitude parameters (Sa and Sq, FZ = KN [ VT [ KF). KN presented the highest hydrophobicity. FZ and KN presented the lowest thickness and biovolume of biofilm when compared with VT and KF. All topography parameters were significantly correlated with biofilm formation. FZ and KN, material with

Due to the critical role of monocytes/macrophages (Mφ) in bone healing, this study evaluated the effects of bio-anodized, acid-etched, and machined titanium surfaces (Ti) on Mφ behavior. Cells were separated from whole human blood from 10 patients, plated on Ti or polystyrene (control) surfaces, and cultured for 72 h. At 24, 48 and 72 h, cell viability, levels of IL1β, IL10, TNFα, TGFβ1 inflammatory mediators, and nitric oxide (NO) release were analyzed by mitochondrial colorimetric assay (MTT assay) and immunoenzymatic assays, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of TNFα and IL10 at 72 h. The data were subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis analysis. IL1β, TNFα and TGFβ1 release were not significantly different between the Ti surfaces (p>0.05). The presence of NO and IL10 was not detected in the samples. Cell viability did not differ between the samples cultivated on Ti and those cultivated on control surfaces, except at 24 h (p=0.0033). With respect to the mediators evaluated, the surface characteristics did not induce a typical Th1 or Th2 cytokine profile, although the cell morphology and topography were influenced by the Ti surface during the initial period.